212 DESCRIPTION OF VERTEBRATE REMAINS, CHIEFLY 



and more or less friable, these fossils, such as the bones of Mastodon, Megatherium, 

 Deer, etc., are no doubt the remains of animals which became mired and sunk into 

 marshes of the Ashley phosphate beds after these had become elevated above the 

 surface of the neighboring sea. Of this nature also, we may believe, are the 

 remains of more recent animals, including also specimens of human bones, those 

 of domestic animals, and stone implements, which are occasionally found in the 

 Ashley phosphate beds. 



EQrUS. 



Molar teeth of Horses apparently referable to the two species which have been 

 named Equus major s. complicatus and E. f rat emus, are among the more frequent 

 remains of terrestrial mammals found in the Ashley deposits. The different col- 

 lections of materials from the latter displayed at the International Exhibition con- 

 tain a number of specimens of teeth. The lower molars of both named species 

 and the upper ones supposed to pertain to E. fraternus, present nothing distinctive 

 from the corresponding teeth of the recent Domestic Horse; so that some of the 

 specimens no doubt really pertain to the latter. The additional specimens of teeth 

 from the Ashley deposits which I have seen, give no further information than those 

 which have been described and figured in Holmes' Post-pliocene Fossils of South 

 Carolina. 



HIPPARION. 



HiPPARION VENUSTUM. 



Leidy : Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1853, 241. 

 Hippotherium venustum, Leidy: Holnaes' Post-pliocene Fossils of South Carolina, 1860, 105, PL 

 xvi., figs. 32, 33. 



Of Hipparion I have seen no other specimens, though I have industriously 

 searched for them in the different Ashley collections, except those described and 

 figured in Holmes' Post-pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina under the name head- 

 ing this paragraph. 



ELEPHAS. 



Elephas americanus. 

 Dekay: Nat. Hist. New York; Zoology, 1842, L, 101. 



Remains of the American Elephant, chiefly molar teeth or fragments of the 

 same, consisting of isolated enamel plates or several conjoined by the more or less 

 decomposed intervening cementum, are frequent fossils of the Ashley phosphate 



