APPARATUS OF THE ELEPHANT. 421 



the two smaller ones on either side of the vaginal opening are the sinuses of 

 Malpighi. These three openings can be completely shut off from the urogenital 

 canal by a valvular fold of mucous membrane, of a somewhat semilunar shape, 

 about 2| inches in breadth (PI. 50, A). The effect of this fold seems to be to pre- 

 vent the flow of the urine into the vagina ; as the urogenital canal in situ is so 

 situated that this would be apt to take place, the canal being curved and the pos- 

 terior part of the curve being lower than the anterior. Below this valvular fold 

 is seen the opening of the bladder into the urogenital canal. The circumference 

 of the bladder measures 18 inches. The vagina, the cavity into which the uro- 

 genital canal opens, is 14 inches in length, and 6 inches in circumference (PI. 50, 

 /). The mucous membrane is lined with longitudinal folds. The vagina opens 

 into a cavity which seems to be the uterus* (PI. 50, d). The uterus can be en- 

 tirely occluded from the vagina by a fold of mucous membrane. This fold (PI. 50, e), 

 which is vaginal, measures about 1| inch, and is of semilunar form, but indented 

 in the middle. The opening of the vagina into the uterus is about twice as 

 large as that of the vagina into the urogenital canal. The length of the uterus 

 was 7 inches; its diameter, 5 inches. Its mucous membrane, thrown into longi- 

 tudinal plaited folds, was similar to that lining the cornua. The two cornua 

 opened by distinct passages into the body of the uterus, and were 30 inches in 

 length, and measured nearly three inches in circumference (PI. 50, c). The Fallo- 

 pian tubes — passing rather into the side of the cornua, about two inches in length, 

 and with a diameter of about one-eighth of an inch — expanded into the trumpet- 

 shaped fimbriated extremity (PI. 50, fig. 2). The fringes of the pavilion were 

 long, slender, and tassel-like. The peritoneal fold supporting and surrounding 

 the pavilion was also fringed. There is a distinct fold of peritoneum separating 

 the pavilion from the ovary (PI. 50, fig. 2). The ovary and pavilion can be 

 entirely inclosed by the pouch of peritoneum attached to them {p). The right 

 ovary, in largest diameter, measured 2| inches ; the left, 2 inches. On cutting 

 into the ovary, I did not find very many Graafian follicles. I found, however, 

 the ovum in one of them, which, under the ordinary powers of the microscope, 

 did not exhibit any character different from that of the mammalia generally, the 

 zona pellucida, germinal vesicle and spot being all identified. It will be noticed, 

 on referring to Miall, Greenwood, and Owen, that their description of the Indian 

 elephant is essentially the same as that of the African species I have just given- 

 According to Mayer, however, in the Indian, and to Perrault in the African species, 



* What I have called vagina may really be an elongated cervix uteri. 



