52 



CERTAIN SAND MOUNDS OF 



White Sand Layer. 



Male. Female. 



i 



Uncertain. 



Perforated. 



Not. i Perforated. 



Not. 



Perforated. 



Not. 



Rights ... 



Lefts .... 2 



2 



8 3 



• 7 2 



15 5 



2 

 



2 



4 

 4 



8 



3 



3 



6 



Total humeri 38 ; perforated 15 ; a percentage of 39*5. 



Grand total of humeri 84 ; perforated 40 ; a percentage of 47 - 6. 



Size of Perforation. White Sand. Measurements are given in mm. 



Male 



Female 



Uncertain 



Perforated. 



Average 

 Diameter. 



Maximum 

 Diameter. 



Minimum 

 Diameter. 



Oscillation 1 

 Exponent. 



2 



5 



8 



4-75 



6-7 



5-6 



5 



11-5 

 7*5 



4-5 

 2-5 

 3-5 



2-76 

 1-47 



Brotvn Sand. Measurements are given in mm. 



Male 



Female 2 



Uncertain 



Perforated. 



10 



7 

 7 



Average 

 Diameter. 



8-25 



5-6 



7-3 



Maximum 

 Diameter. 



12 

 9 

 9-5 



Minimum 

 Diameter. 



6 

 3 

 4-5 



Oscillation 

 Exponent. 



1-45 



1-7 



1-5 



For details as to the perforation of the septum between the olecranon and cor- 

 onoid fossas the reader is referred to Dr. Topinard's Elements d' Anthropologie Gen- 

 erate, page 1015, et sea., and to an interesting paper by Dr. D. S. Lamb in the 

 American Anthropologist for April, 1890, entitled " The Olecranon Perforation," 

 from which we have borrowed the subjoined table : 



l (Translation from " Anthropologische Methoden," by Dr. Emil Schmidt, pages 303-304). 



* * * "The extent of the mean deviation of every member of the list from the general average. For the calculation of 

 the same the difference between the general average and each member of the list is determined, considering it of like value, 

 whether negative or positive ; the sum of all these differences is then divided by the number of individuals in the list. If one 

 indicates the individual difference by d, the sum of the individual differences by S<1 and the number of the members in the list by 

 n, the oscillation exponent corresponds to the formula Sd 



N 



To demonstrate the significance of the oscillation exponent in estimating the value of a list, we shall assume that we 

 are dealing with two lists having the same number of members and the same sum, therefore, also the same average : but which 

 are very dissimilar. One of the lists consists of the members 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13 ; the other of the members IS, 8, 7, 7, 6, 6. The sum 

 of each of these lists is 42 ; the average for each is therefore -|, 2 = 7. But the differences between the individual membe rs of 

 the first list and the average are G, 5. 4, J, 5, 6 ; the sum of these differences is 30 ; the oscillation exponent is therefore^ = 5. 

 In the second list the differences are 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ; their sura = 4 ; their oscillation exponent = | = 0(i7. The size of the oscil- 

 lation exponent shows us, therefore, how closely the members of a list group themselves about the mean : the greater the os- 

 cillation exponent, the less uniform (typical) the list, and vice versa." 



2 In this list is included as one the sum of a double perforation. 



