88 CERTAIN SAND MOUNDS OF 



4. Dr. Briu ton states (page 173) that a class of Florida mounds is unstrati- 

 fied, citing Ginn's Grove as in that class. In point of fact the Ginn's Grove mound 

 affords a good example of stratification. Its lower stratum, it is evident, was not 

 reached by him. 



In the same field where the mound at Ginn's Grove stands is a much smaller 

 one. A trench run partially through it showed a shell layer 3 feet from the sur- 

 face. No implements nor human remains were found. 



Black Hammock, Orange County. 



The name, Black Hammock, is given by Professor Wym-an to a shell deposit 

 and small mound on a lagoon on the western side of the river, about half a mile 

 south of the entrance to Lake Jessup. The name is not now in use. The sand 

 mound was superficially dug into b}' Professor Wyman. Its height is 3 feet 

 9 inches, its circumference 170 feet. A spear point or knife of chert, and several 

 arrow heads were obtained by excavation. At the base of the mound lay quanti- 

 ties of bog-iron. Numerous unsystematic investigations have rendered this mound 

 valueless for scientific research. 



Thornhill Lake. 



A short distance south of Black Hammock a small creek (see map) leading to 

 Thornhill Lake enters the St. John's on the eastern side of the river. Bordering 

 the small sheet of water is a sand mound, symmetrical in shape with the usual 

 summit plateau. Upon it grow a number of palmettoes. Previous investiga- 

 tions have been superficial in character. The mound is 11 feet in height, measured 

 from the north ; a marked depression on the south would make it appear of con- 

 siderably greater altitude. On the north side, 30 feet from the margin of the base, 

 a trench 28 feet long by from 8 to 10 feet wide was dug. At the centre of the 

 mound the excavation attained a depth of 10 feet, where lay a base of shell, the 

 surface of the shell-heap on which the mound was built. The southwestern corner 

 of the trench seemed to be at the apex of the mound, and at that point the strat- 

 ification was as follows : 



inches — Surface layer of brown sand. 



1 foot inches — White sand. 



5 feet — Brown sand with slight sprinkling of shell. 

 3 feet — Pure white sand. 



Below was a conglomerate of charcoal, calcined shell and sand, as hard as 

 stone, beneath which was the ordinary debris of the shell-heap. 



HUMAN REMAINS. 



Skeletons were in anatomical order, but 7 in all being met with. These lay 

 in the brown sand layer and in the white sand layer below. Several skeletons lay 

 upon the back with hands crossed upon the abdomen. In one case the legs were 



