THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER, FLORIDA. 



149 



several occasions small pockets of pinkish sand were found in association with pro- 

 ducts of aboriginal art. In the sand mounds of the St. John's it is a rule without 

 exception, and the only one of which we know, that when in a mound pockets or 

 layers of sand artificially colored by the aid of red oxide of iron, are met with, in 

 that mound surely are burials and relics of the handiwork of the aborigines. 



HUMAN REMAINS. 



As in our previous investigations, human remains were met with in great 

 numbers in the upper or brown sand layer, on the shell base in the white sand and 

 in the base to a depth of one foot. Extended search showed none at a greater depth. 



Crania. — Two calvarias from the base under unbroken strata where the mound 

 had almost its maximum height were recovered in fairly good condition. (Academy 

 of Natural Sciences' Catalogue, Nos. 1794 and 1796.) 



Teeth. — In two molars from separate jaws coming from on or near the base 

 were traces of extensive decay. With the exception of a decayed tooth, discovered 

 by us in the Thursby mound at a depth to guarantee original deposit, we recall no 

 dental caries met with by us in the mounds of the St. John's, save in several cases 

 of superficial interment where the period of burial, and even the race of the de- 

 ceased were in question. 



Pathological Specimens. — Throughout the mound were a number of pathological 

 specimens showing to a notable degree ostitis and periostitis, and in some cases a 

 marked curvature. 



Humeri. — No effort was made looking to the preservation of humeri other 

 than those on or in proximit}- to the base, which, beyond all peradventure. were 

 contemporary with the mound. 



Of 186 humeri, 73 showed perforation, a percentage of 39 - 2. 



In one well-marked case the opening in the septum between the fossa^ had a 

 diameter of 13 mm., the greatest we have ever met with or seen reported. 



Rights 

 Lefts 



Side and Sex. 









Male. Female. 



Uncertain. 



Perforate. Not. 1 Perforate. 



Not. 



Perforate. 



Not, 



17 30 9 

 8 24 15 



25 54 24 



6 

 9 



15 



15 

 9 



24 



23 

 21 



44 



Size of Pehfokatiox. 

 Meas7irements in mm. 



Perforate. 



Average Minimum 



Diameter. Diameter. 



1 



Maximum 

 Diameter. 



13- 



9- 

 10-5 



Oscillation 

 Exponent. 



Male ... 25 

 Female . . 24 

 Uncertain ... 24 



5'7 1"5 



5-2 1- 

 6-7 1-5 



2-6 

 2-1 



2-4 



