THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER, FLORIDA. 



227 



sulpher, antimony, allome, and ironn." And again. " The ij corrupt humor is 

 Arsineque, by nature a kinde of poyson, being in like manner a minerall substance, 

 wilbe consumed w'th fire in to Smoke, w'ch is a vere daungerous ayer or savor, and 

 by his force maketh the copper white and brether then the sulpher doeth. This 

 Arsenieque is not onely in great quantitie in our copper ures, but is by nature so 

 forceable of it self, that it is Lorde and Ruller over all the rest, and consumes both 

 ye sulpher, and antimony, so y't thei ar not to be seene." 



We have devoted considerable time during the preparation of this paper to the 

 investigation of the range of impurities in the German and English copper of com- 

 paratively recent times, since it is evident that all impurities found in this copper 

 at the present time must have existed to a greater extent at an earlier period. 



Of many recent analyses of German copper we give three representative ex- 

 amples : — 





I. 





II. 





III. 





Copper . 



99-325 per cent 



99-357 per cent. 



99-6125 



per cent. 



Silver 



0-072 



a 



0-072 



a 



0.0292 



a 



Gold 



o-oooi 



a 



o-oooi 



a 



None. 





Arsenic 



0-130 



c. 



0-104 



a 



0-0172 



per cent. 



Antimony 



0-095 



a 



0067 



a 



0-0023 



a 



Bismuth 



. 0-052 



« 



0-051 



a 







Lead 



. 0-061 



a 



0-062 



a 



0-0200 



c. 



Iron 



0-063 



a 



0-065 



a 



0-0039 



a 



Cobalt 



0012 



a 



0010 



a 







Nickel 



0-064 



a 



0-079 



u 



0-2112 



a 



Sulphur . . 



0-001 



a 



0-001 



a 



0-0024 



a 



Oxygen . 



0-1166 



a 



0-1574 



a 



0-0752 



u 





99-9917 



100-0255 



99-9739 





I. and II. Copper from Oker. Analyses by W. Hampe, and given in his 

 " Beitrage zur Metallurgie des Kupfers" Zeitschrift filr Berg-, Hilt ten- tmd Sa- 

 linenwesen, Vol. 21, page 252. 



III. Mansfeld copper (from the Saigerhutte at Hettstedt). Analysis made 

 under Hampe's direction. Loc. cit., p. 255. 



In Percy's Metallurgy 1 we have various analyses of modern copper of commerce. 



In twenty-nine specimens of English tile, best selected, sheet copper, etc., all 

 but two, in which traces are present, contain ponderable quantities of arsenic. 

 Antimony is included in traces in eleven instances and in eight by weight. We 

 find bismuth in twenty-five of these analyses in quantities sufficient for exact de- 

 termination, and traces in the remaining four. 



Copper ores, mainly sulphides, are found in various parts of Italy, though most 

 of the copper used by the Romans was obtained from the Island of Cyprus. 



According to G. Jervis (/ tessori sotteranei deW Italia, Turin, 1874, Vol. II, 

 page 439), the mines of Monte Catini in the Province of Pisa were worked about 



1 French translation, Vol. V., pages 383, 384. 



