262 MORPHOLOGY OF THE CEREBRAL CONVOLUTIONS. 



Husclike, I believe, expressed the true relations of the convolutions to the 

 hemisphere even more clearly than either Bischoff or Pansch, but his explanation 

 is vague and unsatisfactory on account of the non-recognition of a distinct occip- 

 ital lobe, and the relation which this lobe bears to the anterior portion of the 

 hemisphere. 



The publication of Ecker's work on the convolutions of the human brain, 

 •'Die Hirnwinduugen des Menschen, etc.," did much to favor the study of the 

 convolutions and to relieve the obscurity due to excessive and complicated nomen- 

 clature. As recent writers have, with few exceptions, adopted the names 

 selected or proposed by him, it will be unnecessary to consider in detail the 

 more recent special literature of the subject. Amongst other writers who have 

 contributed within recent years to the subject we have Huxley, Turner, Marshall, 

 Flower, Rolleston, MacCartney, Macleod, Macleary, Lankester, Pansch, Meynert, 

 Bischoff, Ecker, Alix, Gromier, Pozzi, Charcot, Luys, Ferrier, Hunguenin, Gervais, 

 Cope, Hitzig, Spitzka, Richet, Garrod, Retzius, Broca, Hefftler, Parker, Milne 

 Edwards, Murie, Sander, De Bourges, Mierzejewski, Heschl, Riidinger, Fere, Wer- 

 nicke, Schiile, Engel, Peacock, Aeby, Hanrv, Luschka, Broadbent, Mills, Jensen, 

 Weisbach, Voigt, Van der Kolk and Vrolik, Chapman. Calori, Nitsche, Sappey, 

 Lussaura and Lemoigne, Henle, Tuke, Fraser, Major, Mivart, Darwin, Maliniverni, 

 Clevenger, Dalton, Edinger, Wilder, etc. 



Divisions or Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres. 



Anatomists primarily divided the cerebral hemispheres into two lobes. Thus 

 Willis, in 1664, 1 recognized only two lobes, an anterior and a posterior. Somrue- 

 ring, 2 likewise, distinguished but two. He remarks, however, that some anatomists 

 divide the posterior lobe into two parts, under the names of middle and posterior 

 lobes. Meckel 3 says that each hemisphere is usually divided into two lobes, an 

 anterior and a posterior, separated anteriorly, below and laterally, by the fissure of 

 Sylvius. The posterior lobe is again frequently divided into a middle and a pos- 

 terior, of which the last lies on the tentorium, not separated on the outer surface 

 but only on the mesial by an oblique fissure passing from above downward and 

 forward, and on the lower surface bounded by a shallow depression. Burdach 4 

 used the deeper depressions of the hemisphere to divide off the lobes, but also 

 considered these as being directly related to the cranial bones. The anterior lobe, 

 he remarks, lies in the division of the skull formed by the hollow of the frontal 

 bone and almost fills this, so that the coronal suture corresponds with its posterior 

 boundarjr. The parietal lobes lie within the parietal bones, so that the coronary 

 and lainbdoidal sutures very nearly correspond with their anterior and posterior 



1 Cerebri anatome. 



2 Gehirn imd Nervenlehre. 



3 Handbuch der Anatomie, III., p. 479. 



4 Vom Baue und Leben des Gehirns, 1826. 



