322 MORPHOLOGY OF THE CEREBRAL CONVOLUTION. 



figures of the cerebrum in the best anatomical monographs and manuals. In no 

 case have I found even an approximation to an independent fissure in the location of 

 Ecker's ' transverse ;' on the contrary, in every specimen and in every figure, so 

 far as I can judge, a fissure there situated is joined by what Ecker regards as the 

 extension of the ' interparietal.' 



"Since Ecker's reputation precludes the idea that the condition of things on 

 the right of the diagram is altogether imaginary, or even based upon an artistic 

 misconception, it may be supposed either that the brain there figured was excep- 

 tional, or, what is more probable, that a very different fissure, foetal and possibly 

 transitory, has been mistaken for the adult ' transverse.' Upon this point I hope 

 to present evidence in another paper. Whatever be the explanation of the difficulty, 

 the ' transverse occipital' of Ecker has been almost universally accepted. So far 

 as I know, only three writers have expressed doubts as to its integrity and signifi- 

 cance. Edinger reproduces Ecker's diagram in two places, 21, 22, with only a 

 comment, 23, upon the difficulty of recognizing the 'regulation pattern' in the 

 occipital region : ' Dieser Occipitallappen ist aussen nicht an alien Gehirnen so 

 gleichmassig gefurcht, dass man immer die von den Autoren angegebene erste 

 (obere) zweite (mittlere) und dritte (untere) Occipitalwindung leicht und ohne 

 Kiinstelei wieder finden konnte.' Clevenger, 21, says that it 'might be considered 

 and probably is, in many cases, a ramus projected forward (laterad) from the 

 occipital termination of the parietal.' Pansch holds, 22, that the variability of the 

 ' transversus ' excludes it from the category of primary fissures. 



" The most serious opposition to its acceptance is in the following passage from 

 Wernicke's paper, 1 ' Dass vorkommen einer durch besondere Constanz oder tiefe 

 ausgezeichneten queren Furche (sulcus occipitalis transversus) kann ich nach 

 meinen Befunden am erwachsenen Gehirne nicht bestatigen.' 



"There may be room for discussion respecting the propriety of accepting as an 

 integer, a fissure which, like the post-sylvian of the cat and the post-central of 

 Man, is only occasionally independent; but surely we are not called upon to accept 

 without question the integrality of a supposed fissure which, like Ecker's ' trans- 

 verse occipital,' is independent upon only one side of his own diagram, and which, 

 apparently, no one else has found in that condition. 



"My first conclusion is, then, that what is commonly understood as the trans- 

 verse occipital of Ecker is not a fissural integer, and that the name and its syno- 

 nyms should be abandoned. 



"The second question is as to the relations of the longitudinal zygon to the 

 parietal. Ecker's view is indicated in all his figures, and specifically stated in the 

 following passages, pp. 58, 38: — 



'In the foetus the two portions of the fissure, the posterior (occipitalis 

 superior) and anterior (interparietalis) [real parietal], arise separately from each 

 other and subsequently unite. The former is nothing but an extension of the latter.' 



1 Das Urwindimgsystem des menschlichen Gehirns. Psych. Arch., vi, p. 321. 



