CRANIA FROM THE MOUNDS OF FLORIDA. 369 



persistent frontal suture, or exhibiting premature union of the larger sutures, and 

 specimens showing the consequences of artificial compression, must be excluded 

 from the series on which ethnic measurements are based. The result is that 

 elaborate memoirs embracing results which are conclusive so far as mere measure- 

 ments are concerned, are inconclusive, for the thoughtful anatomist, of many 

 interesting facts. 



The ratio of variation expressed in an index may be exact, so far as race 

 peculiarities are concerned, but tell us nothing of the value of the specimens at the 

 extremes of measurement. It will be noted (Appendix III) in what degree these 

 extremes in the skulls of North American Indians suggest forms absolutely unlike 

 those which make up the bulk of the proportions of the external nose. The most 

 careful analysis, by measurement of the skull of Australians, does not prepare us for 

 the small and apparently weak malar bones. 



As a consequence I have thought it important to describe the specimens in the 

 Moore series as well as to measure them ; and to include therein the skulls of two 

 females. I have endeavored to frame a definition of each skull as though the object 

 in view were to identify thereby the specimen itself. The terms employed by 

 J. Aitken Meigs (see Appendix II) in outlining the general shapes of skulls have 

 been preferred to others. 



In taking measurements a conformity to number and kind as established by 

 authors has not been attempted. I have followed in the main those in use by 

 English craniologists ; but in some instances I have ventured upon a number of 

 my own, the reasons of attempting which are given at their appropriate places. 



I. — The Moore Series of Crania. 



l,784 x $ (Pis. XLIX, L, LI, LII). Aged 45 years, — subglobular, archencephalic, 

 phoxocephalic. 



Glabella and supra-orbital ridge marked, 6 mm. Forehead low, broad, ample ; 

 outer part of orbital arch scarcely inclined downward, 30°. — Nasal bones synostosecl, 

 acutely arched, slightly concave above downward ; frontal portion 3 mm. ; 

 maxillary and premaxillary portions 20 mm. ; radix 7 mm. ; salient 16 mm. — 

 Alveolar line marked. — Nasal vestibule microlophic, prenasal fossa faintly defined 

 (7 mm. wide) ; incisor crest and spine marked ; inferior turbinal ledge near floor of 

 the nose ; alveolus high (21 mm.) ; teeth vertical. — Hard palate hyperbolic nearly 

 U-shaped, deep ; high alveolus (22 mm.), no anterior declivity ; pre-torus present. 

 — Pterygo-spinous union on both sides ; spinous process enormous, but not over- 

 lapping petro-sphenoidal fissure. — No interruption of temporal ridge at stephanion ; 

 temporal ridge at lambdoidal suture heavily moulded, harmonic near asterion ; deep 

 groove on temporal bone between post-squamosal and ecto-petrosal portions. 2 Slight 



1 Burial ground Ginn's Grove, 2§ feet down, partially imbedded in shell base. 



2 This groove is of great interest since it indicates the line of union between the squamosal and 

 petrosal elements. 



