416 CRANIA FROM THE MOUNDS OF FLORIDA. 



in the main, by a process of the frontal bone (external lateral process), and which 

 separates the orbit from the temporal fossa. The outer part of the orbital arch is 

 much inclined downward and outward in leptoprosopic, and is nearly horizontal in 

 chamaeprosopic crania. The shades of distinction in specimens are so numerous, 

 however, that they should constitute part of the description in many skulls. 



The theorem of a stout supra-orbital ridge being associated with a high 

 degree of muscular power in the individual has been maintained by Schaafhausen. 

 But I have inferred that no direct correlation can exist between factors so far 

 removed from one another. 



The inner orbital wall relates to the ethmoid bone, the lachrymal bone and 

 thus directly to the nasal chamber; the outer wall to the temporal fossa,/while the 

 lower is described with the maxilla. The difficulties acknowledged in measuring 

 the orbit arise from the slight morphological value of the region itself. 



(4.) The nasal bones when seen in situ will be treated as though they were 

 composed of three parts : the frontal, the maxillary and the premaxillary. As the 

 names indicate, these are defined by the bones with which they are in association. 

 The frontal part is measured from a point on the lateral margin answering to the 

 tip of the ascending process of the maxilla to the proximal end of the nasal bone; 

 the maxillary, from the tip of the ascending process of the maxilla to the beginning 

 of the premaxillary portion ; and the part last named, to the lateral margin of 

 the nasal bone as it lies in contact with the ascending limb of the premaxilla (see 

 next section). The suture at the lateral margin of the nasal bone is abruptly 

 changed in character as it approaches the distal end._ It is often marked by nodosi- 

 ties ; and the ascending limb of the premaxilla is distinguished by the arrangement 

 of vessel-grooves, which in all probability are in line of the primal maxillo-premaxillary 

 suture. 



The nasal bones can also be divided, for the purpose of obtaining degrees of 

 deviation, from the vertical, into two parts, the radix and the salient. The radix 

 is that portion not in contact with the nasal mucous membrane, but in articulation 

 with the frontal and ethmoid bones. The salient is in contact with the nasal mucous 

 membrane, and extends from the ethmoidal alee to the free margin. The distinc- 

 tion between the two parts can be easily determined by inspection of the nasal 

 chamber, and by the change in the internasal suture line, on the exterior. The 

 lengths of both radix and salient are recorded in the descriptions, together with 

 deviations taken by a protractor in degrees from the vertical. 



The ascending process of the maxilla, as a rule, is inclined ; that is to say, with 

 anterior surfaces which are diagonal between a plane answering nearly to the 

 production of the inner wall of the orbit, and one which is at right angles to it. 

 As variations we find the process quite in the same line with the inner wall of the 

 orbit. The nasal bones are acutely arched, and the nose is leptorhine. When 

 the process is at right angles to the inner wall of the orbit the nasal bones are not 

 acutely arched but are flat, the nose is platyrhine. In the group last named the 

 nose is changed in shape, as though (the parts being easily moulded) a rounded 



