CRANIA FROM THE MOUNDS OF FLORIDA. 417 



body, which was slightly larger than the anterior nasal aperture, had been 'drawn 

 forward, and had pulled the margins of the aperture after it. The distal ends of 

 the nasal bones appear to be tilted, and on this account the bridge of the nose 

 to be depressed. 



(5). The nasal chambers. It is convenient to speak of the premaxillary, max- 

 illary and palatal portions of the nasal chambers. The palatal portion of the middle 

 meatus is often bulged in such a manner as actually to narrow the nasal passage. 

 A corresponding increase of diameter of the maxillary sinus is noted. This 

 character has been noted in examples used for comparison with the Moore series. 



It is interesting to find the nasal chambers occasionally asymmetrical when the 

 septum is straight. I have detected out of 1,904 crania, 51 examples of such 

 asymmetry. In 29 specimens, the left side was the smaller, and the right in 22. 

 Of race peculiarities it is noted that 27 out of 1,750 specimens were from savage 

 or . semi-civilized people not European, while 24 out of 150 specimens were of 

 European origin. It is thus seen that asymmetry without septal deviation is more 

 frequent in civilized than in aboriginal races. 



It is important to note variations in the details of the ethmoid and lachrymal 

 bones since these are numerous and appear to constitute a group independent of 

 those which are met with elsewhere in the face. 1 



Owing to the fact that the interior of the nose is often mutilated in crania 

 selected for examination, the ethmoid and lachrymal bones are in practice of 

 restricted value. But they should, when practicable, be included in the descrip- 

 tion of every skull. The ethmoid cells doubtless correlate with the disposition for 

 the bones of the face, including the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic process of the 

 temporal bone, to become inflated. The bulla ethmoidalis represents the amount of 

 downward inflation of the anterior ethmoid cells. The position of the bulla is largely 

 determined by the size of the lachrymal bones. When the bones are small the cells 

 are apt to occupy a position nearer the front of the nasal chamber than when they 

 are large. An interesting harmony exists between the size and position of the 

 bulla, the lachrymal bones, and the width between the eyes. — In specimen No. 556, 

 Mexico, the parts appear to be of large size as the result of an injury. The 

 lower part of the forehead (including the glabella and supra-orbital ridges), the 

 nasal bones, and the ascending processes of the maxilla had been driven in by 

 a blow. The parts were firmly healed and probably were independent of the 

 cause of death, since the skull had been picked up on the battle-field of San 

 Jacinto. The lachrymal bones were reduced to rudiments and the bulla? were large. 

 The immense increase of the inter-orbital space had in this instance been followed 

 by compensatory expansion of the anterior ethmoid cells. The association of the 

 small lachrymal bones with the other factors is most likely coincidental. It is diffi- 



1 The interorbital space may be said to agree in a measure with the development of the eth- 

 moid bone. In Man the interorbital width being 30 mm., and the length of the skull 178 mm., trives 

 an index of 32 mm. In Hycena the width being do mm., and the length of skull being 245 mm., gives 

 an index of 22 mm. 



