420 



CRANIA FROM THE MOUNDS OF FLORIDA. 



as well as those with a low incisor eminence. If the former condition persists the 

 variety with the so-called prenasal fossa is defined : if the latter, oblique ridges ex- 

 tend forward from the low incisor eminence 

 to the anterior nasal spine and in varying 

 degrees characterize the floor of the vesti- 

 bule. In an ethnic sense it is noted how 

 predominantly the macrolophi appear in the 

 higher, especially the European form, and 

 the microlophi in the American Indian. 1 



(6). The hard palate. All things 

 remaining the same the U-shaped hard 

 palate is the most efficient. The curving 

 in of the posterior ends, or the diverging 

 of the sides of the arch are without per- 

 ceptible advantage. Broca in claiming that 

 this divergent, or hyperbolic variation is 

 highest, doubtless means that it is found in 

 the highest people (i. e. the most intellec- 

 tually advanced races), and not that it con- 



(Xorma basilaris). 

 Fig. 14. — Santa Barbara, 1.815. In marked contrast to 

 the hard palate as figured in PI. LIV, PL LXI, 

 where the sides diverge posteriorly, and in PI. 

 LXIV, where they are parallel, is the view in this 

 figure where the sides converge posteriorly. 



stitutes the best mechanical arrangement. 



I am led to make two transverse 

 diameters of the hard palate, one between 

 the premolars, and one opposite the second 

 molar. Duckworth 2 takes the anterior 

 width at a point between the canine and the first premolar. It is commonly so 

 taken. I prefer estimating the anterior diameter at a point between the premolars. 

 Where two premolars are alone present in a given dental series the second tooth 

 tends to remain in close mechanical relation with the first molar ; this throws the 

 first premolar in almost equal apposition to the canine. The interval between the 

 premolars appears to be a good neutral space, furnishing a favorable point for 

 mensuration. The inclination downward and forward of the hard palate begins 

 at a line which, drawn transversely, will intersect the dental arch between the 

 premolars, and not between the first premolar and the canine. In the lower jaw 

 the inclination of the two premolars is often opposed, — the first tooth being directed 

 obliquely inward and forward and the second inward and backward. 



1 The details of the nasal vestibule as seen in figures of Blumenbach's Decades are worthy of 

 being noted at this place. Incisor eminence with alveolar crest and bifid nasal spine, PL III, Asiatic. 

 Large nasal spine profile, PI. VIII, Aethiop ; PI. XII, Tatar. Xo nasal spine, high, convex alveolus, 

 PI. X, Carib. Carinated inter-premaxillarv suture at alveolus, PI. XVII, Aethiop; PI. XXXIV, 

 Ind ; PI. XXXVII, Greenlander 9 ; PI. XLIII, Lapp 9 ; PL LX, Bali boy ; PL LXII, Karat- 

 schada. High premaxillary crest, large spine, high maxillary spine, PL XLVI, Atur. Perpendic- 

 ular plate produced so as to divide anterior nasal aperture into two parts, PL LVI, Mulatto. Alveolar 

 line produced as in modern skulls, alveolar suture open, premaxillary crest high, PL LVII, Croat 9 . 

 High alveolus, PL LVIII, Botocudi. Alveolar produced, PL LIX, Macassar boy. 



* Journ. Anthropolog. Inst. 1894, Vol. XXIII, 287. 



