CRANIA FROM THE MOUNDS OF FLORIDA. 



429 



and thus denning two well marked planes. In thirty only of the entire four hundred 

 was this angularity absent. — The point at which the inequality originated was nearer 

 the external (commonly at the outer third) than the internal border. The inner facet 

 was more convex than the other, generally less abrupt (sometimes really inclined 

 upward), and was either rounded upon the inner border of the pterygoid fossa, or 

 terminated more acutely in it ; on the other hand, the outer facet was smoother 

 and broader than the inner. The surface was more compact and often eburnated. 

 In some specimens, namely, those with slight degree of angularity, it presented 

 insignificant proportions, but in others (fig. 20) it was by far the most conspicuous 

 feature in the condyle. 



These points tend to show that the condyle, during the 

 motion of the jaws, is subject to more attrition upon its outer 

 than inner portion, a conclusion confirmed by the greatest 

 development of this facet being seen in the jaws of fully matured 

 individuals, and in its excessive obliquity in many jaws of the 

 aged. It will have been perceived that the inclination of the 

 condyle is by no means constant. Not only is variation observed 

 in transverse direction, but the articular surface may be inclined 

 either inward or outward, as the external plane is slightly or 



much worn. These characters give the articulating surface a 



Fig.20.-Bight condyloid 

 process of lower jaw 

 of North American 

 Indian. 1. Anterior 

 view. 2. View of 

 articular surface 

 from above. 



pyriform appearance, the base of the figure being outward. This 



indeed may be taken to be a distinctive configuration of the 



adult bone, only eight specimens being seen in which the inner portion was thicker, 



or as thick as the outer. In the young bone, on the other hand, the proportions are 



reversed. 



Commonly conjoined with the thinning of the condyle internally was a com- 

 pression of the entire process antero-posteriorly. This was much more marked along 

 the inner than the outer aspect, and was at times associated with a concavity on 

 posterior surface of the condyle, which was probably in relation during life with the 

 insertion of the capsular ligament. The concavity was markedly seen in twenty 

 instances. 



The depth of the impression for the insertion of the external pterygoid muscle 



was subject to variation. In some 



examples it was wide and deep, and 



from this extreme ever}' shade of 



intermediate depression to the other 



Avhere the concavit}* was barely 



evident. This form was united 



generally with a condyle developed 



in height rather than width and 



gave the parts a " globular " appear- 

 ance. This, I infer, is the variety described by Falconer 

 Abbeville jaw. 



Fi 



;. 21 . — Eight condy- 

 loid process of lower 

 jaw, showing large 

 tubercle. 



Fig. 22. — Condyloid processes of lower 

 jaw of an Oneida Indian. 1. 

 Right side inclined outward with 

 both degrees of angulation ob- 

 scure. 2. Left side, nearlv level. 



as present in the 



