440 CRANIA FROM THE MOUNDS OF FLORIDA. 



Stenocephalic is said to have been used by Broca, but the original reference I 

 have not seen. The term is accepted by Aeby. 1 — J. C Pritchard 2 divides crania 

 into three groups. — the mesobregmate, stenobregmate and platybregmate. The 

 stenobregmate group is sufficiently near the stenocephalic of Meigs to be considered 

 the same, as, indeed, the platybregmate is similar to the platycephalic of the same 

 writer. 



The " eurycephalic " of Meigs embraces skulls which, while chiefly dolicho- 

 cephalic, are of a broad, oval form and is doubtless intended to include the eury- 

 cephales of Broca. 3 Huxley 4 used " eurycephali " to define brachycephalic skulls 

 having a cephalic index below 85 and at or above 80. Topinard 5 states that 

 " eurycephalie " is the same as "crane large." C. Aeby 6 uses the term " eury- 

 cephale zone," and thereby expresses the broadest zone of brachycephalic crania. 

 Rolleston 7 states that to "the brachycephalic British skull of the bronze-period 

 the application of such epithets as ' well-filled ' ' eurycephalic,' ' sub-cubical ' " might 

 be applied. — But Meigs does not anywhere imply that his eurycephali are confined 

 to large skulls. 



Classification of Aboriginal American Crania According to Their Ethnic 

 Forms. 



(a). Pyramidal or pyramido cephalic form. 



General characters : Dolichocephalic ; calvaria carinated and pyramidal ; face 

 lozenge-shaped and broadest below the orbits. 



{b). Oval or obidocephalic form. 



General characters. Chiefly dolichocephalic ; vertex and base of skull more or 

 less oval in outline. This oval generally regular, sometimes rhomboidal or angular ; 

 sometimes long and narrow, sometimes rather short and broad. Occipital region 

 more or less full and prominent ; occasionally very much elongated. Occipital 

 protuberance sometimes knob-like ; sometimes acuminated. Posterior portion of 

 the ossa parietalia shelving downward and backward like an inclined plane and 

 portion of the plane sometimes formed by the upper half of the occipital bone. 

 Forehead moderately well developed in breadth and height. 



Subdivisions. I. Cymbecephalic, or boat-shaped form, in which the occiput is 

 exceedingly protuberant. II. Narrow oval Form (Stenocephalic) III. Broad oval 

 Form (Eurycephalic) IV. Barrel-shaped or cylindrical Form (Cylindricephalic) 

 V. Angularly oblong Form. VI. Artificially elongated Form. 



(c). Arched or hypsicephalic form. 



General characters. General dolichocephalic ; high or vertically elevated skulls. 



1 Die Schadelforinen des Menschen uud Affen. Leipzig, 1867, 50. 



2 Researches into the Physical History of Mankind, 2nd Ed. London, 1826, 173. 



3 Bull, de la Soc. d' Anthropol. 1861, 645. 



* Prehistoric Remains of Caithness. Lond. and Edin. 1866, 85. 



5 L'Anthropologie. Paris, 1876, 192. 



6 L. c. 53. 



' British Barrows. Oxford, 1877, 645. 



