CRANIA FROM THE MOUNDS OF FLORIDA. 447 



Forehead high, vertex or coronal region sometime curving from the glabella to the 

 occipital protuberance so as to form a more or less regular arch, as in archen- 

 cephalic ; or sometimes running up to an elevated point at the junction of the 

 coronal and sagittal sutures, as in phoxocephalic. I. Archencephalic. II. Phoxo- 

 cephalic. 



(d). Wedge-shaped or stenocephalia form. 



General characters. Chiefly mesocephalic or intermediate in length between 

 the dolichocephalic and brachy cephalic. Forehead more or less receding; crown 

 triangular in shape, narrow at forehead and wide between the parietal protuberances. 

 Back of the head more or less flat and pressed in toward the foramen magnum. 

 Constitutes the transition to the square-headed brachycephalic. 



(e). Flat or platycephalic form (subglobular). 



General characters. Chiefly mesaticephalic like the preceding group, with flat 

 vertex and rounded occiput. Transitionary to the round-headed or globular 

 brachycephalic. 



(/). Globular or sphcsricephalic form. 



General characters. Brachycephalic ; vertex, occipital region and base rounded 

 and globular, occiput sometimes flat. 



(•<£")• Square, cuboidal or cubicepha lie form. 



General characters. Brachycephalic ; occiput vertically flattened, or nearly so. 



(h). Prognathic or negroid form. 



III. 



A careful study was made of the nasal index in 415 crania of North American 

 Indians in the collection of the Academy. 



On the whole the platyrhine group constituted nearly one-fourth of the entire 

 number, while the mesorhine and leptorhine groups constituted a little over three- 

 fourths : platyrhine 98 ; mesorhine 170 ; leptorhine 157 ; total 425. 



Broca divides the grades of nasal index as follows : between 53-88 platyrhine ; 

 between 48-52 mesorhine; between 42-47 leptorhine. — In our examination 16 

 examples were found where the nasal index was higher than 58 (ranging as high, 

 indeed, as 70) and an equal number found lower than 42 (ranging as low 37). These 

 have been included respectively in the groups of platyrhine and leptorhine. The 

 above examinations were made before I concluded to measure the base of the nose 

 from the alveolar line. The distance between the top of the incisor eminence 

 (assuming that this may have been taken as the lower margin of the nasal aperture), 

 and the alveolar line is often notable to the eye. It is evident that the proportions 

 above given would be disturbed if the series were subjected to re-examination. — 

 W. Matthews, x gives the average nasal index of forty-four skulls from Salado, 

 Arizona, as 51.66, though the range embraced measurements from 44.23 to 61.11, 



1 Seventh Mem. Nat. Acad, of Science, Vol. VI, 1893, 196. 

 56 JOURN. A. N. S. PHILA., VOL. X. 



