450 CERTAIN RIVER MOUNDS OF DUVAL COUNTY, FLORIDA. 



unknown on the upper river, were found in great abundance in the low mounds 

 near the sea. The same may be said of numbers of mussel shells buried in 

 association. 



One point characterizing this whole region, the low mounds in common with 

 the great, was the comparative abundance of tobacco pipes. From all the sand 

 mounds south of Jacksonville but seven tobacco pipes rewarded our labors, while 

 over double this number were taken from a circumscribed district between Jack- 

 sonville and the sea. 



The grooved axe, present in Georgia and farther north, was absent from the 

 mounds of this section in common with those of other portions of Florida investi- 

 gated by us. 



Mounds Described in this Paper. 



Johnson Mound. Broward Mound. 



Shields Mound. Recldie Point (2). 



Gilbert Mound. Daniel's Landing. 



Monroe Mound. Denton Mound. 



Grant Mound. Chaseville (2). 

 Low Mounds South of Grant Mound (5). Alicia (2). 



Horseshoe Landing (3). Floral Bluff. 



Johnson Mound. 



This symmetrical and previously uninvestigated mound lay in the pine woods 

 about one-half mile in a northerly direction from the first landing on St. Charles 

 Creek, a stream emptying into the St. Johns just east of the town of New Berlin. 



The mound, which had a height of 7 feet 4 inches and a diameter at the base 

 of 65 feet, was totally destroyed with the courteous consent of the owner, William 

 A. Johnson, Esq., of Wilmington, N. C. 



The mound was ■ composed of a peculiarly dry sand of a light yellow shade, 

 with occasional bits of charcoal scattered throughout and a limited number of fire- 

 places. Pockets of sand tinged cherry color by the artificial use of the red oxide 

 of iron, increasing in number and in size toward the center, were encountered 

 throughout the mound. 



In all, human remains were met with at eleven points. In one case the 

 burial was in anatomical order. In the remainder but limited portions of the 

 skeleton were represented. The bones were past all possibility of preservation — a 

 somewhat peculiar fact in view of the dry condition of the sand. 



Sherds were very limited in number, the majority being undecorated, though 

 three or four bore a complicated stamped pattern. No vessels or considerable 

 portions of vessels were encountered. 



Singly, loose in the sand, were : three arrowheads ; one bit of mica ; a small 

 " celt" and several pebbles. 



With human remains was a portion of a conch [Fulgur). 



