CERTAIN RIVER MOUNDS OF DUVAL COUNTY, FLORIDA. 459 



A diminutive vessel, representing a sitting bird and to a certain extent recall- 

 ing Tennessee forms of earthenware, was the only variation from common types 

 (Fig. 6). Height, 2 inches; length. 3 inches; depth of bowl, .8 of one inch. 



Two tobacco pipes of earthenware were found during the investigation. One, 

 of ordinary type, somewhat broken, had an encircling line of indentations just 

 beneath the outer margin of the bowl. 



The other, an interesting specimen, was decorated as shown in Fig. 7. Maxi- 

 mum length, 1.7 inches; height. 1.5 inches. 



STONE. 



Polished Hatchets. — Twelve polished hatchets, or "celts," were taken from 

 the Shields mound. Their material has not been exactly determined. One, of 

 fine-grained, compact rock of igneous origin, was within a small fraction of 13 

 inches in length, which is considerably more than that of any hatchet heretofore 

 met with by us in Florida, and close to the limit of length attained by any other 

 so far reported from any section (Fig. 8). 



We are indebted to Mr. E. P. Upham of the National Museum, for the infor- 

 mation that a polished "celt" from Alabama, 13.5 inches in length, is probably the 

 longest in that institution. 



One small "celt" of slate, 3 inches in length, has two deep transverse parallel 

 grooves on one side and a single one on the other (Fig. 9). These grooves may 

 have been made by the sharpening of implements. If not, and the grooves were 

 made for the purpose of attachment to a handle, this is the nearest approach to 

 the grooved axe ever, we believe, reported from Florida. 



A chisel of sedimentary clay rock, 8.6 inches in length, was the onty imple- 

 ment of the type discovered in the mound. 



A handsome cutting implement of fine-grained sedimentary rock differed some- 

 what in form from any Florida implement we have seen (Fig. 10). 



Arrow and Lance Points. — In the Grant mound, less than one mile away, 

 arrow and lance points were of comparative rarity, as we shall presently see. In 

 the Shields mound, on the contrary, the}* formed an important feature among the 

 mortuary inhumations. In all, one hundred and fourteen were taken from the 

 mound, the great majority of chert, a few of hornstone and of chalcedony. Numer- 

 ous types and sizes are represented, none offering any unusual feature. On the 

 tangs of some, considerable bitumen adheres showing the method of attachment to 

 the shaft. 



It is possible that some of the points classed by us as arrow heads may have 

 served as knives, fastened into short handles for the purpose. Fig. 11 shows a 

 number of selected lance and arrow points from the Shields mound. 



Tubes of natural formation. — These objects, probably natural formations 

 around some perishable material, such as wood, are occasionally found in the 

 Florida mounds and were no doubt utilized as ornaments, though the larger may 



