466 CERTAIN RIVER MOUNDS OF DUVAL COUNTY, FLORIDA. 



A handsome double-pointed pin or piercing implement, a fraction over 12 

 inches in length, completes the meager list of copper from the Shields mound. 



SHELL. 



Large beads of shell were represented by few specimens, and the usual small 

 discoidal beads were of by no means such frequent occurrence as in some other 

 mounds. As usual, when found, they lay with human remains. 



A few small shells (Olivella), longitudinally perforated, also were present with 

 one burial. 



One interesting feature of the Shields mound has not been noticed by us else- 

 where. It was an aboriginal custom from Canada to Florida to inter with the dead, 

 canine teeth of large carnivores, usually pierced for suspension. In the Shields 

 mound were many such canines, the majorit}^ probably belonging to the bear, though 

 a smaller one, submitted to Professor Cope, proved to be of the gray wolf. Some- 

 times with these teeth and sometimes alone, invariably with human remains, we 

 believe, were a considerable number of pendants of shell, shaped and perforated in 

 what seems to be a close imitation of the animal teeth also used as pendants. In 

 Fig. 21 we show a canine of some large carnivore, the prototype of the form in 

 shell given in Fig. 22. 



One columella of a marine uni- 

 valve and a portion of a body whorl, 

 probably of Firigur, worked to a 

 certain extent, were found together. 



A conch {Fulgur carica) from 

 which a considerable portion of the 

 body whorl had been cut, probably 

 to furnish material for beads or for 

 gouges, lay loose in the sand. 



Near human remains, several 

 feet from the surface, were three 

 conchs [Fulgur perversum). Two 

 have no unusual marks. The third, 

 however, in addition to the regular 

 hole so often found in the body 

 whorl opposite the aperture, had 

 three small perforations evenly made by some tool, at various points on the body 

 whorl. 



With one burial were twenty conch shells {Fulgur). 



Fig. 21— Tooth of large 

 carnivore, used as pen- 

 dant. Shields mound. 

 (Full size.) 



Fig. 22.— Pendant of shell. 

 Shields mound. (Full 

 size.) 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Associated with skeletal remains was a tooth, probably of a drum fish. 



