47G CERTAIN RIVER MOUNDS OF DUVAL COUNTY, FLORIDA. 



margin of the base, save on the north where the encroachment of the river, to 

 which we have referred, prevented determination. The objects discovered, com- 

 paratively few, when we consider the enormous mass of sand* removed, were mainly 

 confined to the north and northwest portions of the mound surrounding the summit 

 plateau. Beneath the plateau itself the discovery of relics was comparatively 

 infrequent. All the tobacco pipes found by us and five previously taken out by 

 persons well known to us, were from the northern, or river, side of the mound. 



So great was the height of the mound that frequent slides of masses of sand 

 were unavoidable, and thus exact depths of objects found were often unobtainable, 

 though at times close estimates were to be made since sections of the mound, sliding 

 doAvn a few feet as a whole, retained their integrity, holding undisturbed human 

 remains and associated objects. 



In describing; various articles from the Grant mound we shall not give in all 

 cases exact details as to objects found in association, but shall content ourselves 

 with a few representative examples of "finds" of various relics encountered 

 together and in the immediate neighborhood of skeletal remains, stating at the 

 same time that, as we have said, most burials were without accompanying relics 

 when found ; : that shell beads, usually unassociated with other objects, were the 

 most frequent tribute to the departed ; that beads and sometimes ornaments, of 

 sheet copper, were occasionally found with the beads of shell and that stone 

 hatchets, singly, in pairs or very rarely three at one time, occasionally lay with the 

 bones, sometimes associated with other objects. 



About four feet from the surface, in the northern slope, a short distance apart, 

 were two drinking cups wrought from Fulgur perversum. Into each a skull had 

 been crushed to fragments by weight of sand. With one were a number of large 

 shell beads and several ellipsoidal objects of shell. About one foot above was a 

 large fossil shark's tooth. 



Beneath the cranium of a skeleton in anatomical order, 20.5 feet from the 

 surface, in a mass of crimson pigment, were a tobacco pipe of sandstone and several 

 shell beads. 



Together, with human remains, in contact with, and partially enclosed in, a 

 mass of red pigment, were many shell beads ; several small sheets of mica, one cut 

 square with central perforation, doubtless for attachment; small beads of sheet 

 copper ; numerous fragments of sheet copper ; a large tobacco pipe of Steatite, and 

 one human molar with incised line around the crown and a central perforation for 

 suspension. 



In the eastern side of the mound, with human remains, were : a shell drink- 

 ing cup ; many shell beads ; small beads and very fragmentary ornaments of sheet 

 copper ; a mass of red pigment about the size of a cocoanut ; a tobacco pipe of 

 undecorated earthenware of the usual type found in the mound, and a disc of lime- 



1 It is possible that objects of wood, fur, vegetable fabric and other perishable materials, when 

 not in contact with copper, may have, in some cases, disappeared without leaving a trace. 



