CERTAIN RIVER MOUNDS OF DUVAL COUNTY. FLORIDA. 477 



stone 1.5 inches in diameter and .2 of one inch in thickness, centrally perforated 

 and overlaid with sheet copper on one side. These objects were about six feet 

 from the surface. 



PEARLS. 



With shell beads, near human remains, were two symmetrical pearls perfor- 

 ated as is the case in the mounds. The larger pearl is .35 of one inch by .25 of 

 one inch. 



SHELL. 1 



Beads. — Shell beads in great abundance, always with human remains, were • 

 present in the Grant mound. Though great numbers of the smaller forms were 

 not recovered, nevertheless a box 14 inches by 10.25 inches by 5.75 inches, was 

 entirely filled. The beads were of every shape, discoidal, spherical, barrel-shaped, 

 tubular, of various sizes. One discoidal bead of shell, of about one inch diameter, 

 had been overlaid with copper. 



Two beads found 10 feet down in the northern slope, with other beads and 



associated with human remains, were 

 of graceful and unusual pattern ; 

 the larger, with a length of 1.2 

 inches and a maximum diameter of 



Fig. 25.— Beads of shell. Grant mound. (Full size.) .5 of Olie inch ; the Other SOinewliat 



smaller (Fig. 25). 



In a few instances, numbers of small elongated marine shells (Olivella and 

 Marginella) longitudinally perforated, lay in lieu of beads with human remains. 

 These little shells were in use for a like purpose in post-Columbian times. 



Drinking cups. — The reader will recall that the conch (Fulgur perversum) 

 was utilized by the aborigines as a drinking cup by the removal of the columella 

 and a portion of the body whorl. 



Nine such drinking cups were met with during our last investigation, usually 

 associated with other objects. Some of these were perforate as to the base ; others 

 were intact. 



Pendants. — A number of pendent ornaments of shell, mostly resembling in type 

 others described and figured by us elsewhere, were found throughout the mound. 

 One, cylindrical in shape (Fig. 26) is of somewhat unusual design for Florida. Its 

 length is 3.2 inches. The perforation begins at one side, meeting one from the top. 



Another pendant, found with a long tubular bead of shell, is of a somewhat 

 elongated pear shape with one side flattened. 



A graceful ellipsoidal ornament of shell from the mound is shown in Fig. 27. 



Miscellaneous. — Four columella? of marine univalves were found during the 

 excavation. 



1 The reader is referred to Holmes' exhaustive memoir "Art in Shell," Second Annual Report, 

 Bureau of Ethnology. 1880-1881. 



