138 Scientific Intelligence. 
have had control of the waters. The latter flow would have 
d 4 its position greatly the advantage of the former in the 
contest for possession of the Mississippi region, and would at least 
aa ‘nullified the Labrador flow if n nothing more. The iceberg 
theory is therefore as wholly inapplicable to Louisiana as it is to 
New England. Besides the above consideration, and also the ob- 
jection to a continental submergence in the absence of the skeletons 
of whales, shells, and other sea relics from the drift regions of the 
ntinental inte rior, there is other evidence against the iceberg the- 
e fact that the deposits of sand bear evidence, in many 
= reas as Prof Hopkins says, that they were made by running water 
in rapid flow. e oceanic currents are slow lazy currents, even the 
best or largest - — 3 miles an hour is an unusual rate, and 5 
miles an extrem cept in narrow channels. So slow a move- 
ment is wholly inadequate to produce the kind of beds making up 
muc e the drift; for the sand deposits often bear evidence of the 
fling of the waves, or of the } iolent rush of a tidal current, as 
ing Co. "Ohio, to ag sm resent place, and been — nent means 
of transportation over the north, icebergs, or more common- 
ld ard 
perio od with extreme slowness, even ain e cahelionee of the 
ceils epoch had taken n plac e. But sche or later the flood 
from ane melting would have begun; ant: as Prof. Hilgard has 
shown, it would have been a vast flood, coming as it must have 
done sa ice that buried deeply the whole icatsh of the Missis- 
sippi water-shed, and even from regions beyond it, since one oF 
more of the Great Lakes then poured their waters southward—an : 
area ey less than. twenty millions of square miles. An d, in 
suc ood, masses or bergs of ice, freighted with wit would 
ave oa e with the current southward ; while the waters in rapi 
violent aoe would have transported the sands and even coarser 
material, and made deposits of all the various kinds — 
7. Investigations os Fossil Birds; by Mr. A. Mane Ep- 
warps,—At the moment when my inv mergers upon fossil b ree 
0. 
which have lasted fully twelve years. 
