and effects of Eaposure to Cold. 447 
medico-legal point of view, especially in estimating the time a 
body has been immersed in water after recent drowning when 
the temperature of the water is about 78°, as is the case with 
the Croton and other streams in summer. 
In the third experiment one or other of the lower extremities 
was alternately kept in motion during thirty minutes of the 
hour in which the body was immersed in the bath. The move- 
ment consisted in extending and flexing the leg on the thigh at 
the rate of fifty flexions per minute, and being performed under 
the surface of water involved considerable muscular exertion. 
The physiological effects of the cold bath on the body. 
Experiment of July 4,—Rest— Temp. of Bath 74° F. 
I i 4 5 6 
Temp. be-; Immed. jAfter 1 hour; Immed. |One hourjTwo hours 
fore enter-|afterenter-jin the bath &/after leay-/after leav-\after leay~ 
ing the ing the | just before | ing the ing the ing the 
aot fama bath, bath. leaving it. bath, bath. bath. 
Temp. of the mouth 99°F.| 99°F.| 98°F. | 97°R.| 97°F.) — 
. armpit} 96°F.| 97°F] 95°F. 92°F. | 96°F. — 
“  temple,| 96° F. en on — 94° F. 
te of respiration, | 20 22 16 13 16 19 
Rate of pulse, 14 13 65 54 60 12 
Note.—A. chill or shock was experienced on entering the bath, 
and the sensation of coolness remained ile in the water. 
Perspiration set in and skin became cool two hours and a hal: 
r coming out. Shortly after leaving the bath slept for 30 
nutes. 
. 
mi 
Experiment of July 5,—Rest—Temp. of Bath 14° F. 
1 2 3 4 5 6 
Immed. }After 1 hour 
i ah Revs Ea ny wld ie ten fat rot 
| elk ore T ee ier ee, ing bath. 
Temp. of mouth, or. | 99°F.| 98°F. 97°F. | 97°F. } 98°F. 
“© armpit, 98°F. | 97°F. | 94°F. 94°F.| 97°F. | 97°F. 
« . temple, ret 95°F. 95° F. 96° F. 96°F 
ate of respiration, | 17 21 18 5 1 6 
18 64 55 56 60 
Note.—Symptoms same as in experiment 1, but not as well 
marked; slept 30 minutes as in preceding. 
_If in the tables we compare column 1, representing the con- 
dition before entering the bath, with column 4, representing the 
