120 Scientific Intelligence. 
The experiments were made at the forges of Count Donnersmark at 
Frantschach near Wolfsberg i in Carinthia, with pig-iron which contained 
so much sulphur that it was impossible to make it into puddied-bar. The 
process of puddling was undertaken in two double puddling-furnaces 
arranged for burning wood. Each furnace was charged with 7 ewt. 
this iron. To 4 ne of the furnaces there was added 3 Jbs. of sulphid of 
iron and 4 1b. of phosphid of iron, in order to still further deteriorate the 
Sg of a cadets Aer avepnts fusion, 8 Ibs. of litharge was 
ed t 
subsequent reduction and reoxydation it aga in and again mgt its 
oxydizing influence on the harmful gate: contained Jn ata iron. 
fe 
the slag. After av hour and a half from the time of ch e ir 
was made into balls, these were shingled, and without difficulty rolled into 
puddied bar. Inthe other furnace, i in which the iron was puddled i 
crumble 
and rolling into bar was not - “a thought of. Besides this, the loss in 
weight when the litharge was employed was but 11 per cent, while in 
puddling this iron by the ordinary process the loss was 18 per cent. The 
puddled-bar obtained from puddling ith litharge proved neither hot 
or cold short, and was of sufficiently good quality to be forged into iron 
for scythes. A repetition of the experiments gave a confirmation of these 
results. Richter adds, that in some instances the use of metallic lead may 
a be preferable to litharge.—B. u. H. Jahrbuch, x, 505.  G. J. B. 
On the amount of manganese in some varieties of iron.—It is well 
wide that iron me from spathic ore, and other ores containing man- 
n the variety of pig iron ee Hoss the Germans Spiegeleisen (mirror- 
iron), the as been estimated by different chemists from 
4to7 pr.ct. In ieee, Dr. K. List published an analysis of a white-iron 
from Riblinghausen, made from a mixture of ores ‘contain ning 
to 25 pr. ct. of oxyd of manganese, in which he found but 3°80 pr. ct. of 
manganese. As the aie was so rich in manganese, List concluded that 
the iron obtained from its reduction must contain the maximum amount 
of manganese—that iron could not take up more than 3°80 pr. ct. mange 
et and that the earlier analyses giving more than this must be incor 
(Polytechnisches em clv. 119.) Prof, Richter of Leoben has, 
ec reviewed List’s results, and shows that the differences in the 
manganese content of iron smelted at different furnaces, or ifferent 
es does not necessarily depend upon the quantity of this substance in 
the ore, but upon the temperature of the furnace, and the relative am 
of coal used in the reduction. The higher the ter temperature, and the larger 
the proportion of coal in the — the greater will be the relative 
