Physiological and Agricultural Chemistry. 291 
2. On the reduction of kinice acid to benzoic acid, and its conversion 
into sr Ae acid in ~ animal mene m.—Accordin ng to Lavremann 
(Ann. Ch, u. Pharm., exxv, p.9), when kinic acid is heated with a saturated 
— alias of jodhydrio bet ina sealed tube for two to three hours, 
at 115 to 120° C, benzoic acid and iodine are obtained. The same conver- 
sion is ove by bringing into a retort two equivalents of iodine with 
one equivalent of phosphorus, and, after the two have united and the pro- 
duct is cold, adding to four equivalents of the crude iodid of phosphorus 
one equivalent of kinic acid dis: solved i in water to a syrupy solution. On 
line mass, from which ether extracts impure benzoic acid. The 
neck js ato lined with crystals of this acid aed: the close of ‘oe 
process, 
Kinic acid. Benzoic acid. 
C,,H,.0,. = C,,H,O, + 6HO-+ 20 
The reaction ey sehen according to abet of the ane equations, 
1, C,,H,,0,, + 8HI= C,,H,O, + 8HO-+ 81 
2. C, (HO. + 81 «= Ci, H, 0, + 6HI + 21 
Since kinic wii is thus converted so easily i spit benzoic acid, it occurred 
to Lautemann to examine whether it would undergo the same change 
in the animal organism, and appear in the urine as hippuric acid. He 
found this to be actually the case, in trials upon himself and two other 
pan 8 grms. of kinate of lime yielding in two experiments 2-2 and 
27 rms. of gsm ro Rese 25! ely. Kinic acid having been proved 
by cwgn ag and Sievert to exist in i quantity in the whortle- 
t, it becomes rohit that it may also occur in various grasses, 
and hist it is the origin of the hippuric a acid which is found in ee ri 
pastured animals. 
3. On the c composition of the urine of oxen as related to their fodder — 
Henne EBERG, Sroumann and RavrenserG, (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., xxiv, p. 
200,) at the conclusion of an important paper chiefly occupied with an ac- 
Count of the method they employ for the determination of hi ippuric acid, 
urea and chlorid of sodium in urine, give the following resumé of results 
obtained with the urine of three o xen during seven m jonths o of 1860-61. 
p 
=. 
3 
5 
tie 
8 
= 
# 
e: 
@ 
o 
~ 
2) 
Ee 
45 
- 
§ 
a 
= 
25 
| 
12 to 1-4 per cen 
2. The aidition of considerable quantities of easily digestible oar 
9. bean-meal \, starch, sugar and oil, to the proper fodder, oh are 
tw diminish the amount of hippuric acid, and increase that o 
Vital Process of “ sin getable respiration” if “ a i nog bat eetocrntted, ng 
«shown (Ann. mae Pharm., ii, Sup. ek $8), both carburetted = 
wd shay, (Ann. Chenu. Phorm i, Sap, vo 66), bot carb a Ww. a 
