ks Se ee 
ot eee eS ee ey 
t <2, SSE) eg ee eS Nees eS ee eee 
ASE Ras Ee te a Oe OH RET TS Cregg a Pa Ne et ee eS ees! 
_ Sears just one inch broad. In the second, three inches and a half 
L, Lesquereux on the Coal Formations of North America. 381 
the banks of the Great Kanawha from its mouth to Charleston. 
The geological horizon of the strata with which they are con- 
nected is not satisfactorily determined; though it is certain that 
their place is not far above the top of the Mahoning Sandstone. 
They are apparently imbedded in a kind of soft sandstone, which 
at Shade river is separated by a covered space of 10 feet from 
a bed of coal 10 inches thick, which I consider as the equivalent 
of Coal No. 5. I say apparently, because it is not certain that 
they were originally derived from this bed of soft sandstone or 
hard clay, exposed on the high water of Shade river, where they 
appear eroded, this erosion is evidently due to the process of 
maceration, at or before the time of petrification. As no remains 
of this genus are found in connection with the shales of the coal 
apply as well to the silicified trunks of the Coal Measures. In 
any case, and though we know but little about the distribution 
of the vegetation at the coal epoch, we are authorized to conclude, 
‘rom the former remarks, that the species of ferns predominant 
i the marshes of the coal were especially shrubby or herbaceous 
Species of small size, while those of the sandy or dry solid 
gtound were especially arborescent. 
Before leaving the Cazlopteridece I have still a few words to say 
of the size of the cicatrices of their bark, compared with the di- 
ameter of their stems. These cicatrices, generally distant, placed 
0n the stems in the spiral order two-fifths, are, when found in a 
£00d state of preservation, nearly oval or obovate and elongated 
at both ends, by a somewhat deep furrow. They bear in the 
middle the mark of a simple fascicle of vessels in the form of a 
orse-shoe, and the central scar is surrounded by an oval annulus, 
Of the two specimens formerly mentioned as having been found 
_ ™ the sandstone of our Coal Measures, and whose somewhat 
lattened stems have preserved their form as well as the cicatrices 
_ Of the bark, the one, four inches in its greatest diameter, has the 
Am. Jour. Scr.—Szconp Sexies, Vor. XXXV, No. 105.—Mar, 1863, 
49 
