24 B. B, JIEDEUIKHHl.. 



cniuajibiiaro pasApaaieHia xapaKTepnayeTCH HcqeaeoBeHieMi opaHffieebixT. KOJieut h aeBOs- 



M0H5H0CTLK) Iljia3M0JIH3a, BCJI^ACTBie CJHUIKOMI) 60JIbUI0H DpOHHIXaeMOCTH 060JI0HeKT> AJis cojiefi). 



SaKaroHCHie. Hsyqeaie BJiiflHifl pasinqHbix'L BHtmenx-b ^aKTopoBi, na BbiA^JieHie Bo;i,Haro pacxeopa y 



Pilobolus noKaaajio iiaM^, hto HtHeaa njiasMaraqecKafl oSojioqKa, oS.iaAafl noABHHCHofi cxpyKxy- 

 poii, jierKO M^Haex^ cbok) npoHnaaewocxb, a cjiiAOBaxejbeo h BOoSme ocMOxaqecKia CBoncxBa 

 noATj BJiiflHieMT) areexoBi, coBepmeHHO He A'fencxByiomHXT. Ha MepxBbia nojiynpoHHn,aeMb!fl ne- 

 penoHKH. IIojiyqeHHbie pesyjibxaxbj ne npoxHBoptiax'b npeAJioaceHHOH Bbime cxeMt npouecca 

 BbiA'feJieHifl Kanejib, a KOCBeHHbiM'B oSpasoMX ii,aa;e no^ixBepat/iaroxi ee. 



rjT. 3. MexaHHKa Bbi^-fejieHiH Bo;n,Haro pacTBopa y Pilobolus. 



HcTopuHecKifi ITpeiKAe qtnii npncxynnxb k-l 4>H3HK0-XHMnqecK0My xcjiKOBaHiio ceKpeuin y Pilobolus, 



ciHxaK) HejnmHHMx, HanoMunxb HtKoxopbia HM^iomiflca bt, Jinxepaxyp-fe BOSBpifeHifl HanpnqHi.ji, 

 Morymia BbiSBaxb BtpacxeniH BOo6me OAoocxopoHHit xokX) BOAbi. FjiaBnaa macca CAtjianHbiXTi 

 Bx> 3X0MI HanpaBjenin nacjitAOBaHm h rnnoxes'L cxpeMHxca o6x,flCHHXb aaraAoiHoe aBJienie 

 njiaqa y BbicinHxx> pacxeHiH. 



Eme Dutrochet (1837), Briicke (1844), rjiaBHbiMx me oSpasoMXj Hofmeister 

 nbixajiHCb o6T>acH0Xb aBjeeie njiaia ocMOxniecKHMH CHJiasiH. IIocjitAHm KOHCxpynpoBajii Aaate 

 anoapaxt, AOJiJKeHcxBoeaBmiH AeMOHCxpnpoBaxb njiaii, ocxaBHBX) OAHaKO ne BbiacHeHHbiMi, 

 KaKHM-b o6pa30MT> HanpaaceHieMx. xKaHet (Gewebespannung) MOHcexi noAAepacHBaxbca b-b pacxe- 

 uin OAHOCxopoHain xoki boam bt> xeqeHie npoAOJiacHxeibHaro BpeivieHH. KjitxKa Hofmeister'a 

 6biJia Bnocjif>ACXBiH ycoBepmeacxBOBaHa Sachs'oMx>, npeAJiOHtHBuiHivii Mfi oSiacHeHia oaho- 

 cxopoHHaro xoKa HepasHyK) npoHHi;aeMocxb oSojtoqKH na npoxaBonojOHtHbixt cxopoaaxTi 

 K-a-fexKR. KoxAa nosAHie Hscjii^AOBaniaMH Pfeffer'a (III) 6biJio ycxaaoBJieHO, ^xo ocMoxnqecKoe 

 AaBJieaie bi K.uixK'fe co3Aaexca nocx'feHoqHbiM'L cjioeMT> nja3Mbi, Sachs 6hU'h npBHyatAeH'L, 

 corJiamaacb cx> Pfeffer'oMi, nepeHecxH npaqHHy oAHOCxopoaaaro xoKa boabi h3X> kj^- 

 xoHHOH o6ojioqKH Bx riajiooJiasMy (III). OAHaKO rnooxesa Sachs'a ne Morjia AOCxaBHXb yAOBJie- 

 xBopeaia, Eme Hofmeister npeABHA'fejn>, a Godlewskii cnen,iajibHbiMt onbixoMX noKasajiX), 

 qxo HHAKOcxb, BbixajiKHBatomaaca h3Xi KJitxKH CaKca, coBepraeHeo OAnaaKOBa ci hchakocxbk), 

 coAepacaii],e0ca bx KjixKi (p. 600). Ecjih 6bi xaKHMb o6pa30Mi. cxeMa Sachs'a nivi'fejia M-fecxo 

 BT, A'feHCXBOxejibHocxn, xo K0Bu,eHxpau,ia ;khakocxh, BbixeKaromeii h3x> pacxeaia npn njiaqi, 6biJia 

 6bi OAHHaKOBa ct KOHueHxpai],ieH cona kji^xoki, BcacbiBaiomnxi BOAy h3T) iioqBbi, qxo, KaK-L 

 H3BtcxH0, BT, rpoiuaABOMT) 6oj[bmHHCXB'fe cjiyqaeBt AaJieKo ae xani. HoaxoMy roAJieBCKifi, ne 

 BnAa Huoro ncxoAa, npH6traexx> kt, AonymeaiK) pHXMHqecKHxxi nsM-feHeaiH b^ ocMOxaqecKOMi 

 AaBjieuin KJifexoKT> napeaxuMbi Kopea (xo me cepAueBnaabixx Jiyqea), npHBOAamHxi. ki nocjii- 



