472 A FAZFM-BEG, 
star of his honour to the Zenith! He ruled the affairs of his kingdom and thereby his memory 
is perpetuated /; he flowed on to his destiny and his promised death. » 
The second argument consists in some very eloquent lines, which weré recited by # 
Ghess, the son of (s2L LY] Jr or KL) sl Sé'idetu-l-ayédi, a poet of the antimuham- 
medan Peoûs in the market- En Ukädz, FRS sitling on his camel, before the En of 
gp 20 Sad dl * NE ren) 4, Ro 
ve de Ÿ ouie = J + Del es » sl 
«O people! has any thing happened to you that has not happened to your äncient fathers? 
Have you taken an oath from the years (that they will not betray you.)? Are you assured of it? 
Have you risen this mornmg with secure confidence in it? Nay! hy God, you are got up in 
neglect and pleasure! Where is Sa’ the dul gkernain? He’ possessed both worlds (men 
and spirits.); he travelled to both horizons (east and west) and lived 2000 (years) #. — AI] this 
period was to him as the twinkling of an eye!» — I do not know on what occasion these 
lines were delivered, but it appears from the sense, to have been at the time of some misfor- 
tune, at which the Arabians had murmured. Whatever was the occasion, these two arguments, 
with which the narration in the Koran agrees, distinctly show to ‘what a degree the Arabs pre- 
served their traditions concerning the two-horned hero; and even the following words of Ali, 
the son-in-law of Muhammed, prove their popularity even in his time: ($° WE Je Delpues 
ce SLLe JS A 959 else PEER «Speak ye of the Memyars; verily in their history there are 
wonders, and (to their history belongs the wonderful) dül-gkernain, the king of Zubba !» 
The result of all this is in my opinion: 1)That the title du/-gkernain is an ancient one, 
adopted by some of the sovereigns of Arabia, as Sa’ab, Shemer, and perhaps some others. 
2) That the dül-gker nain of the Koran must be the great hero of Macedonia: a) because 
it was about him that the Jews put the question to Muhammed. # b) because we have no 
satisfactory argument for attributing either to Saab, Shemer or any other Arabian or Persian 
king of the period, all the qualities ascribed in the Koran and in the tradilions of the 
East to dul-gkernain. — and c) because we have many convincing proofs that it was Alexander 
the great’s fame and conquests, that gave birth to tales of dark regions, the water of life, the 
great wall against the Monsters of the North, and many similar ideas in the traditions of 
the East. — If Shemer had à right to this title for having extended his expeditions from 
west to east, as Âamzeh maintains, have we not reason then to believe that Alexander had 
a better right to be named 7he Master of the two horns, for having conquered Media and 
Persia, which were called by the Prophet Daniel, the two horns. (see ch. VIII v. 3, 20.); or 
f Verbally: «his remonstrances (or tokens of his memory) are strengthened. » 
# The period of his life might have consisted of the latter years of the first thousand and of a certain 
number of years of the commencement of the second. 
# See the Koran 18 Sourah v. 95 — 104. 
