Derbend-nâmeh or the History of Derbend. 665 
(2 ———— — 
CPS Ü] psoebs à, fl pi le J* OK &,s > |was a national custom and general rule amongst 
V ; L £ them, with regard to government, to choose 
LC. PAT) pl Je Ll piotel cs périls the eldest from among themselves whom they 
Lf 1 cm un Bases Aer À A invested with authority over àll, without con- 
re PAU ET EIRE OP PÉEE À © Eliradiction on the part of any, whether little 
GLL.|IOor great; and such a person and was to 
ù ; 2 protect them govern all, following in his 
c) al] à ,&) lo], ne pes Les pee civil and religious administration the sacred 
lo por, Sheriat and, as much as his ability would 
lyp6is re Jp) pl all, aus eee élls, permit him, to imitate the holy Prophet. They 
san) le | = = therefore appointed over them, and over those 
Je 0? ob. ri 13e dll es riele who bad d yet been their rulers#*, a so- 
Si py Labs Le Hd ox Lol, 
QU PHAN PE EN 2,2 Fou UT TU LE j|vereign from among the descendants of Hamzeh, 
RE e*! be j Ê re who ans bhetr Amir and their Wäli 
EUU UE) fever La) Us js, sil Jf}to whom all were obedient, without contra- 
diction, to his administration, and who (after- 
wards) received the revenues of all the coun- 
tries, principalities and districts %. This so- 
vereign was Called Sham-khal from the name 
of his grandfather who was born in a vil- 
lage named Khäl, one of the villages of 
animosity of those Musulmans who have long been under the Christian authority , by reminding them that 
they prefer living for the world than for God, i. e. «they calmlyÿ remain under the yoke of the unbelie 
vers» &c. and by calling the land in which they live dürul-herb. But the Mulläs of the Musulmans in Russia 
often dispute with them and defend their cause by answering that the Shariat, being still in force among 
the Musulmans of this country, their land can not be called Dérul-herb and that therefore they are not ob- 
liged to leave their lands and go to other countries. This evidently shows, in the first place, that the good 
policy of a government is always’ one of the best means of securing the happiness of its subjects ; and se- 
condly, that men in all ages and countries are inclined to turn and explain every thing to their own benefit. 
104 ;, e. over those who had been the elders of their tribes and families &c. 
105 Wäli Ab in the Arabic meant always a master, a protector &c. Afterwards, the expression was 
used in the sense of a viceroy, a governor. The Shamkhals of Daghistan have some centuries borne the title 
of the Wäliyi-Daghistan. This title being conferred on them, as is well known, by the Persian Court, the first 
application of it to those Princes might have taken place before our author’s time (i. e. supposing we take 
this expression Wali in this place, not in its primitive sense, but as a title of the Shamkhals) namely, at 
the time of the intercourse between the Afabecs of Aderbijän and the Princes of Daghistan. 
196 There is an irregularity in the sense in this place. The author before finishing the description of the 
expedition &c. and before giving an idea of the establishment of the race of Amîr Hamzeh in any country, 
says: that he received the revenues of all the countries, principalities and districts wbich had not yet been 
conquered ; I therefore put in parenthesis the word afterwards in order to give a regular form to the sense 
