674 
A KAZEM-BEG, 
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Satan, who is the most mischievous of all ène- 
mies; therefore they were disunited from each 
other by resentment: — for virtue had for- 
saken the country and falsehood, enmity and 
vice were diffused throughout; — and this dis- 
union was of such a kind as to promise no 
good and no hope of union. Those of the 
posterity of the Prince of the Martyrs (Ham- 
zeh) who during that trouble were alive 
among the number of the Princes of Khaïdagk, 
namely Muhd-Khan, Amir-Khan and Amir- 
Hamzeh, fled for refuge to the sovereigns of 
Avwar, and bound themselves with an oath to be 
their allies and to partake with them of good 
and evil in all circumstances and duties. Now 
there took place between them and the 
Princes of Ghümugh terrible wars and de- 
vilish contests which continued many years, 
and the consequence of which was, that 
the king of Awar sent letters and ambassa- 
dors, chosen from amongst wise and eloquent 
men, to Sultan Kauther-Shah ‘7 in the coun- 
try of the Turk, whose inhabitants had em- 
braced the religion of Islam even at the time 
|of Omar, the son of Khatléb; and proposed 
17 I do not know anything of this Kawther-shah or of his dominions, though the author makes him a 
neighbour of the Awars on the east. L think that these Turks were some Turkmanian hords that previously 
to the time of the desolation of Ghamügh, wandered from place to place on the northern shores of the 
Caspian Sea and in the mountains, and of whom the Georgian Chronicles make mention more than once. In 
the description of the events which occurred in the beginning of the XIV century, to which our author refers 
the desolation of Gkamougk, these chronicles make mention of a Khan called Orkhan (we must not take 
him for the son of Othman) to whom David VI. king of Georgia sent his brother in the direction of the 
east and complained against Casan-Khan, the son of Argoun, and begged his protection, promising him, 
at the same time, conformably to his (the Khan’s) desire, to let his army pass through Dariel against Cazan- 
Khan &c. Further, the same chromicles assert that the 
the reign of Vakhtang III. had twice made irruptions 
pini more correctly callsit, Thoas or Toas (see Plano Carpini lb. IL. c. 7.) which I think to be UE 
Turks led by their Khan Æ4z41t- Mose (Mousa?) during 
into the countries of Bassiani and Taos, (or, as Car- 
Tow -as 
i. e Asses or Osses of the mountains) and were both times repulsed by the Eristofs (or governors) of Ta- 
napanoskatel and of Samtskhis. (see the Georgian Chronicles published by a Georgian in Russian in the Rou- 
skoy Vestnik for 1841, No. 11. pag. 22 and 93). 
