1808.] Contributions to Persian Lexicography. 23 



and sins, and who has sipped a hand full from the intellectual fountain 

 of the poets of Persia, states as follows — 



I have examined the Farhang i Jahangiri and Sururi, and consider 

 them the best dictionaries existing. But they also contain much 

 that is wrong in matter and principle. 



1. Both authors have enlarged their dictionaries by quoting as 

 proofs, useless verses, and repeating them on several places. 



2. They are not sufficiently painstaking in ascertaining the correct 

 form of words, their vowels and meanings. 



3. They enter occasionally Arabic words, and omit to state that 

 the words are not Persian. 



4. Both often enter the same words on different places, but wrongly 

 spelt, or even mistake them for separate words. Thus words occur 

 spelt with a t_> be and a <_> pe ; with a ci> te and a <i> nun ; with a cfJ 

 hdf and a o gaf ; with a (J« shin and a ,jw. sin ; with a j ze and a 'j zhe 

 and a j re. Such mistakes are especially frequent in Sururi, though 

 less in the Farhang. 



Besides there are actual blunders, as shall be shewn below. And 

 curiously enough, both compilers confound words commencing with a 

 cfJ hdf and a u lam, with a j wdw and a j re, and other letters 

 which it is almost impossible to mistake. As an example I may 

 mention the word }\j£ gurdz, which has in Suriiri the following 

 meanings— 1, a certain disease. This is a mistake for the Ar. }\j£ 

 Jcuzdz. 2, a hind of vessel^ also called *-&J tang. This is a mistake 

 for the Ar. j\j^ hurdz. The Farhang again entersjl^ Jcaiodz, with a 

 waw instead of a re. 3, a stick to urge on cattle. This is a mistake 

 for jljt guwaz. Or, the Farhang gives a word d^J) zerfdn [or 

 according to some MSS. zirfdn\ the moon. This is a mistake for the 

 Arab. oLs^Jj zibirgdn. Again, both the Farhang and Sururi give 

 *-i^ buf an( l ^J^ kuf; but the former is wrong ; or ^^ and ^*j 

 squinting, the latter being wrong. Similar mistakes are — ■ & ^^ 

 naujabah and &*^>> taujabah, a torrent ; (jwj- 5 ^ pdghosh and (j£y=l> 



ndghosh, a dive ; ^sr^ nohhjad and ^s^' bahhjad, dross ; j*»& hasar 

 and y~*> masar, ice ; t-'H* haidakh and £&# baidahh, a swift horse ; 

 &jU$j pahndnah and AiUf> mdhndnah, a monkey ; &c, as shall be 

 seen below. Such mistakes are more numerous in Sururi than in 

 the Farhang. 



