1868.] Contributions to Persian Lexicography. 29 



*a.I; or <^3- <Sy l£\j. He was by caste a Khetri. His poetical 

 name isjl^J. He lived at Delhi. From a note .at the end of the 

 second volume of the Delhi edition, it appears that ' he was nearly 

 deprived by one of his pupils of his well merited fame as the author 

 of the seventh revised edition. Tek Chand must have died shortly after 

 1782, because he was prevented by old age from commencing the 

 eighth revised edition. 



In the preface the author states that for the first edition he only 

 used the Tanbihulghafilin by Siraj ushshu'ara (Sirajuddin, the 

 author of the Sirajullughat), and a small treatise written by Mir 

 Muhammad Afzal, poetically styled Sabit c^6. For the following 

 editions Tek Chand used the Muctalahat ushshu'ara, the Risalah i 

 Mukhlici i Kashi, and another book whose title and author were 

 unknown; The first of these three works Tek Chand embodied almost 

 entirely ; hence it is so little known. 



2. The Jawdhir ulhuruf and the Ibtdl i Szururat were written by 

 Tek Chand during the compilation of the Bahar i 'Ajam. 



The Jawahir ulhuruf contains two chapters : 



1. dj-i^o li^A. olsj j& 



2. %}$? j & ^° ^jj^ w^rfj'S 



The former part is the completest treatise on the interchange of 

 letters. It forms an excellent basis for the etymological part of a 

 Persian grammar, and is an indispensable Vade mecum for the compiler, 

 as it is of the greatest assistance to him in the numerous spellings of 

 certain words. The second chapter treats of the syntax of the Persian 

 prepositions and particles. Numerous examples are given. The 

 lithographed edition which appeared A. H. 1267 at Cawnpore, is 

 taken from a unique MS. in the handwriting of the author. It is on 

 the whole well printed. 



3. The Ibtdl i Szururat is the best, if not the only, work on the 

 Tagarrufdt i Fdrsi, or the modifications which both Arabic and Persian 

 words have undergone in Persia during the last ten centuries. In 

 plan the book coincides with our popular and interesting works on the 

 study of words, such as by Trench, Richardson, &c. The term ^)3y& 

 comes nearest to our " a poetical license," and the object of Tek Chand's 

 book is to shew that in good Persian poetry, there is no license, but 

 that every peculiar expression is either based upon sufficient authority, 



