30 Contributions to Persian Lexicography. [No. 1, 



or is wrong. Hence the title " Ibtdl i Szururat" or the frustrating of 

 that which a bad Persian poet would call a y*^> <&}jj*>, although in 

 reality it is (_£*•*•-!= j^ or toant of poetical genius. 



A lithographed edition appeared at Delhi in A. EL 1268, 78 pp., 

 small 8vo. It is rare. 



4. The Naivddir ul magddir is a complete collection of the Macdars 

 of the Persian language. The quotations are numerous, especially 

 those from the older poets. The book is therefore most valuable for 

 the compiler. The lithographed edition which appeared in A. H. 

 1272 at Delhi, 120 pp , large 8vo., is taken from a MS. in Tek Chand's 

 handwriting. The book is very fairly got up. 



The arrangement of the words in Tek Chand's lexicographical works 

 is the same as in Raskidi and B urban. 



15. Lx^l cAa> l!lxi£M> 



The title of the work contains the tarikh of its commencement by 

 the author, A. H. 1180, or A. D. 1767. Like Tek Chand he 

 is a Hindoo, and was born at Lahore. His poetical name is &±~>j\j 

 Warastah, independent ; his real name, according to other books, is 

 JUo j^Jji* JUw. From his preface it appears as if Warastah had lived 

 for a long time in Iran, where he thoroughly studied the ci^ls-* 5 

 (^jjy^lko. His dictionary was completed in 1782 after fifteen years, 

 labour, although a MS. copy of at least a part of it came into the 

 hands of the author of the Bahar i 'Ajam, who has largely extracted 

 from it. There are, however, several phrases which Tek Chand has 

 omitted. Though Warastah's dictionary is much smaller than the 

 Bahar, because the quotations are not so numerous, it has the merit of 

 being entirely an original work. 



There exists a very handy copy of the Muctalahat, lithographed in 

 A. H. 1280 at Lucknow, 404 pp., Royal 8vo. It contains in the 

 margin an extract of the Bahar i Ajam, whose words are given 

 without the quotations. 



16. oUlll iAAac 



The name of the compiler is MaulawJ Muhammad Ghiasuddin of 

 Rampur, east of Delhi. After fourteen years' labour he finished the 

 work in A. H. 1242, or A. D. 1826. The dictionary contains "all 



