38 Contributions to Persian Lexicography. [No. 1, 



Persian and Turkish have j^J pilaw. (J^ijj^ durwesh,* for darwish 



a beggar ; ^-*J nimak salt, for namah ; i^j£*J nimkin, adj., for 

 namakin ; *l^ gawah a witness, for %\j£ guwah ; *^ girah a knot, 

 for girih ; j^y° mazdur wages, for jj^yo muzdur; <i-c(^ kaghidzpa^er, 

 for <S^(^ kaghadz. 



7c. A great number of Arabic words are universally wrong pro- 

 nounced in India ; as &*ls qil'ah a fort, for qal'ah ; o-/cLi> 

 qaiamat the resurrection, for qiyamat ; **ki qafah, for qit'ah ; ^jy* 

 'uriis a bride, for arus ; _^s A hijr separation, for hajr ; y^ 'ijz iveuk- 

 ness, for 'ajz ; L=»j rija 7jope, for raja ; l^> fiza space, for /a^a ; Us; 

 raza contentment, for rijzu ; v»^ j e b 3 pocket, for ^VmS ; ^.xs ghaids 

 for ghias AeZ/? ; i_>L^> shahdb for shihcib, a meteor ; o-*/^c 'ajmat c7i«s- 

 £*#^, for igmat ; £*y° rnauqa' for mauqf ; p"»y° mausam a season, for 

 onausim ; **Jj^- khimah a tent, for Jchaimah ; Ovals'* shuja'at bravery, 

 for shajd'at ; <^J»U.=». himdqat for hamdyat, folly, jj*^ qagur a fault, for 

 qugur ; oJj.S-c 'aqubat for 'uqubat, punishment ; o-*^*a. hashmat 

 pomp, for hishmat ; o*i.=» jinnat paradise, iov jannat. 



I. Peculiar spellings ; as fldoji for f^=ojl ; j^ for j&o ; yiyxi for 

 <ijj*J. Proper nouns are often written together, as ^i*ij;— ^. foi- 

 ble (jJj-»a.. Similarly, Ji>As>.Le for Jos-^Us ; ^Uj aJJ| *UJ| f for 

 j^JIjo <*JJ| *U» ot ; j#*+&*v° for ^cU-S^o consisting of; u^a.s-'i for 

 t&^iyf ; vir^, s**^, ^^, »**^i, for vir^j *?%?*> &c. 

 Reversely, U«XjL=w, U^ayJjs^Lw, for UylA, U^a^JBaU*. Also, Iwj^s for 

 ilr^ 1 ^ > fti**" happy for £ja- khurram, cjU^-j for i^+^j. 



on. Barbarous forms; as LSj^^ \j\^, ^ x t?i> °^ books for ^L^; 

 Jl=-'| jiyo for Jls: ■ | *Jyo ; Sir?' mucharrab greasy ; jt>^| *LJ i—mw, 

 as we say ^e strait of _Z?a5 el Mandeb ; ±~<->j 3 firisad, for J-Loy 

 he sends ; t-ft-L* qulfiov (J&» g7<y?, a lock ; (*Jbi for &*ks ; e;i>J|jA jUi, 

 Hind. UajjJUJ, for o^ jUi. 



V. 



The following terms, abbreviations, &c, are of frequent occurrence 

 in native Persian Dictionaries : — 



1. L£=-'| l i»w| Asadulhuhamd, the poet Asadi of Tus, Firdausi's 

 teacher. 



* Adopted by some Indian Diets., as the Ghias, on a mistaken etymology. 

 f Thus also in Persian MSS. 



