1868.] Contributions to Persian Lexicography. 39 



ij^jJs ti'ij-h-*' Shewd i Tusi, Firdausi. 

 ^j.sr^jj^ai Facih-i-Ganjawi, Nizami of Q-anjah. 

 JiXxJ^&^Khalldq ul Madni, the " shaper" of meanings, Kamal 



of Iefahan. 

 ^£J\j±2» £%*> or udj*-$"*J\ Sjiii, Sa'cli. 

 ^jljJi JLskljAj or i^-h^r*-^-*--' I JU^ 3 or v**-*' oil— ', Hafiz. 

 jS^JLot r»^" haldm i asdtidzah (plural of ustddz), or ^Jjx^iiLo (*&/, 

 or <-^;V c^Lr*"* (*^j ^ e pre-classical and classical poets. 

 In quoting a poet, the word c^wlj rdst is often used, as e~w|; iLil^ 

 Hafiz says. 



2. The Mogul emperors of Delhi are rarely mentioned by their 

 names, but by their laqabs. 



^JlCc^j^j fir daws malcdni, Zahiruddin Babar, 1526 to 1530. 

 ^illwf cui^. jannat dstdni, Naciruddm Humayun, 1530 to 



1556. Jannat dshydni is also used. 

 < VLv*f (l Ji - r ff 'arsh dshydni, Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar, 1556 



to 1605. 

 ^.jlCooui^. jannat malcdni, Ntiruddin Muhammad Jakangir, 

 " 1605 to 1627. 



^iU/if^j^J firdaus dshydni, Shihab udd'n Muhammad Shah- 

 jahan. He is also called ^JLs n)\jS c-^l^o cabib qhan i sani, 

 the second lord of conjunction, Taimur, his ancestor, being 

 the first. 1627 to 1658. 

 i^&o i>l=». khuld malcdni, Muhi uddin Muhammad Aurangzeb, 

 1658 to 1707. Native historians prefer the name 'Alamgir. 

 Oy^o *>J^ khuld manzil, Qutbuddin Muhammad Mu'azzim 

 Shah 'Alam, also called Bahadur Shah, 1707 to 1712. 

 Regarding the form of these laqabs I may mention, that there are 

 abstract nouns. Thus ^J^ipA u"^ means an occupying of the highest 

 heaven as a resting place. Like the abstract noun A^^le 'alldmak, 

 it then becomes a title, " dwelling in heaven." Similar terms are 

 ^Kx>*jyo miryam makdni, dwelling with the Virgin Mary, the name 

 of one of Akbar's wives ; ^j**"*- jj* nurcJiashmi my dear son ; c5 ^(f< 3 ^.» 

 qiblahgdhi my revered teacher; L? Jjii.sr X! majdzubi, pr. my attracted 

 one, my pupil. Native grammarians call this ^ the *&>*> ^b yd i 

 mutalcallim, as if ^(f &lvs were the same as u-« a(f aJjJJ qiblahgah i man. 

 We may compare our Mylord and the A. sayyidi. When these words 



