1S68.] Contributions to Persian Lexicography. 55 



(or ring) of gold ; and through thee the neck of the ass has an orna- 

 ment of rubies. 



u>i}l£»| uftddan. The spelling e;^I^Jj! is an ancient plena scriptio, 

 which in e>j>l£-~J| has become the usual form, although ii>olxwj. is 

 pronounced. The older Indian Dictionaries, as the Sb., Mil, Ma, 

 mention the pronunciation aftadan as having then prevailed in India. 

 You say <xk| ^jjj ^-^Jr-J:^ u->\ it costs & rupee ; <*&$> *£**[)} j' ujX°j *? 

 4Vjf J> (j*b he takes care that the land does not fall off in cultivation ; 

 2^lii| i^yoj land no longer cultivated; erir*°j i£s*±&*\ the state of 

 being waste land; <x£»| &-'U} j& j\j the secret becomes public; 

 <>Uji (jlj.*-! j &1&S j*& cjIjj c5t^1 y^\j~> Jl from childhood he made 

 verses and lived in 'Iraq, A. A. p. 251. 



jLx^l qghydr, plural of ^a*. The word occurs used as singular, a 

 rival. Hayati of Grilan (metre Ramal) 



U>«»jJjLi| ^S -\a> \j ^i-wj^ O^A *^ai. <j-j-A (J*( wf*> j\ 

 " Inconstant lovers are hostile to each other on account of the 

 inconstancy of their love ; in true love no one has a rival." Vide 

 c^-fc-H bulhawas. Similarly, |^^| a 1 da, pi. of 'aduww, occurs used as a 

 singular. 'Uinar i khayyam (Ruba'i) 



" I drink wine, and opponents from the right and left cry out to me, 

 ' Don't drink wine ; it is the foe of faith.' Since I have learned that 

 wine is the foe of faith, I must drink the red blood of the foe ; for 

 this is lawful." In the third micra' we have to pronounce 'aduivw, 

 and in the fourth 'add. 



(j^^l aqdas. In Indian writers the same as royal. So also ^oil* 

 muqaddas and ^^^i qudsi. ^^-w^' eMi dzdt-i-qudsi, the royal person. 



(*iyi ilzdm, c. ^JdjS'^dld, to make a thing Idzim or compulsory ; hence 

 to force, to overcome, to defeat in play. So also, tu^-* ^^yLo mulzim- 

 i-hase shudan = &&m v-"-^- 'Urfi (metre Ramal) 



^.x«.aj (JU-^ 0-»| £j3 j&js*. |i>.\ii. -3b' «-jb)| py^-so (*)■»> *^i^ VUj- 2 ^ 



" When by way of play I defeat the literary writers (who hold the doc- 

 trine of the jauhar-i-fard, i. e., the atomic theory, which the hukama 

 do not), the jauhar i-fard (here = the mouth of the sweetheart) smiles, 

 and proves the divisibility, (because the lips in smiling divide)." 



