1SGS.J Contributions to Persian Lexicography. 17 



Future compilers of Persian dictionaries will do well carefully to 

 compare each word given in the Farhang with the same in Sururi, 

 and remember that whenever Surviri has left out a meaning or a 

 whole word given by the Farhang, there is, to use Rashidi's language, 

 a (J/oIj^U.. 



Sururi seems to have been acquainted with Turkish, as he mentions 

 among his sources two dictionaries written in that language. The 

 cpiotations are very numerous. As Sururi is an Iranian, his spellings 

 and pronunciations differ occasionally from the Turani Persian of 

 the preceding Indian lexicographists. His adherence to the J\o 

 and J|i rule has been mentioned. Instead of a final o(^ kdf, he 

 often has a o!f gdf.; thus he writes »-&£| ashg a tear, v-SC^w sirishg a 

 drop, instead of &J»\ ashk, &c. Instead of yw| asp he writes v*"! as ^- 

 His arrangement of the words is inconvenient, as it is the same as in 

 the Madar. 



Sururi appears to have died in Hindustan during the reign of Shah- 

 jahan, as will be seen from the following extract from the khatimah 

 of the valuable work JKir-dt ul 'A' lam ; vide Morley's Catalogue of 

 Historical MSB., p. 52 :— 



iSJl?"* *-&•&>*& *^ (jv^if*'?'** *£*ty e>^ S\jja %<*li>j& *J^I C**J &*.jLo 



" Sururi of Icfahan came to Hindustan during the reign of Shah- 

 " jahan. Soon after he left for Mecca, but died on the road. The 

 " Majma'ulfurs, so famous under the name of Far hang -i- Sururi, is 

 " written by him. The following verse is taken from his poems 

 (metre Hazaj) :* — 



* Isfahan is a mistake for Kashan. The verse is a fine example of the 

 poetical figure called (_j^.UIJ| .AqJ\ ihdm uttanasub ; vide Garcin de Tassy's 

 La Bhetorique des Nations Musulmanes, p. 101. Poets compare their tears to 

 orphans, because both are unca/red for and alone. Orphans grow up to bo 

 thieves and murderers (^Jj_=J) • hence Yatim means also the same as 

 rahzan. But tears also are ,-^i. or X^j^cij^*. and flow from the eyes 

 (ciji^Ax: -w j| ), whilst robbers are daring and unmindful of ihcir Iters. 



