osea, Passer moabiticus, Caprimulgus tamaricis, and Ketupa ceylonensis (which have occurred in 

 the Jordan valley and Palestine), Struthio camelus, Pterocles exustus, and Pterocles senegallus 

 (which have been met with in Palestine, Egypt, and Algeria), Bubo ascalaphus and Amraoperdix 

 heyi (which are recorded from the Jordan valley and Egypt), Pycnonotus arsinoe, Crateropus 

 acacice, Nectarinea metallica, Motacilla vidua, Centropus agyptius, Accipiter gabar, Gypaetus 

 nudipes, Pterocles coronatus, JEgialitis pecuaria, Bhynchcea capensis, Chenalopax osgyptiaca, Sula 

 cyanops, Sterna bergii, Bhynchops fiavirostris, and Larus leucophthalmus (which occur in Egypt, 

 some having been met with as far north even as the Nile delta), Falco concolor, Otogyps nubicus, 

 and Ibis cethiopica (which have been recorded from Egypt and Algeria), Falco chiquera, Fringil- 

 laria saharice, Stoparola deserti, Drymasca saharw, Balearica pavonina, Ardea gutturalis, Rcema- 

 topus moquinii (which have occurred in Algeria), Eupodotis arabs (which has been obtained in 

 Algeria and Morocco), and Melierax polyzonus (which has occurred in Morocco). 



Falco babylonicus is said to have been met with in Egypt ; but this species is so very closely 

 allied to Falco barbarus, if indeed it can fairly be separated, that it appears probable that the 

 bird obtained may have belonged to the latter species. Alcedo bengalensis appears also to 

 straggle into the extreme south-eastern portion of the Western Palsearctic Region ; but I have 

 not included it, as it is essentially an Eastern Palsearctic bird. 



The Western Palsearctic includes the whole of sub region I. and the major portion of 

 subregion II., being two of the four subregions into which the Palaearctic Region has been 

 subdivided. Subregion I. (the European subregion) embraces Central and Northern Europe, and 

 is bounded on the south by the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Balkans, the Black Sea, and the 

 Caucasus range, and by the Ural range on the east ; and it includes on the north and west 

 Spitzbergen, Iceland, and the British Isles. 



Although it differs from the Siberian subregion in having a more genial climate and being 

 more free from the extremes of heat and cold, yet many of its characteristic genera of birds are 

 such as may also be quoted as characteristic of the Siberian subregion, or at least of the 

 northern and central portion of that subregion. Amongst these I may name Turdus, Erithacus, 

 Baulias, Sylvia, Melizophilus, Phylloscopus, Hypolais, Locustella, Accentor, Panurus, Acredula, 

 Tichodroma, Motacilla, Carduelis, Coccothraustes, Passer, Montifringilla, Emberiza, Pyrrhocorax, 

 Nucifraga, Perisoreus, Gecinus, lynx, Gypaetus, Eudromias, and Terekia. In the extreme 

 southern portion of this subregion one finds in the elevated mountain-ranges of the Pyrenees, 

 Alps, and Carpathians one or two species which are peculiar to that portion of the subregion — 

 as, for instance, Tichodroma muraria, Montifringilla nivalis, and Pyrrhocorax alpinus ; and 

 Gypaetus barbatus inhabits no other portion of the subregion. The northern portion of this 

 subregion is inhabited by a considerable number of characteristic species which range round 

 the northern portions of the entire globe, or else are represented in the northern portion of the 

 Nearctic Region by very closely allied forms. Amongst these I may enumerate the following, 

 which have a circumpolar range, viz. Certhia familiaris, Cotile riparia, Anvpelis garrulus, Linota 



