30 N. N. Vasu—Chronology of the Séna Kings of Bengal. | No. 1, 
Minhaj writes :— 
‘The parts around about the State of Lakhanawati, such as Jaj-nagar, 
the countries of Bang, Kamrid, and Tirhut...... the whole of that territory 
named Gauda.’ In another place he says, ‘The territory of Lakhanawati 
has two wings on either side of the river Gang. The western side they call 
Ral (Radha), and the city of Lakhanor lies on that side, and the eastern 
side they call Barind (Varéndra)’ 1 
From the account given by Minhaj, it appears that at the period 
under notice, Mithila, Utkala, Radha, Varéndra, Banga,and Kama-riipa 
were included in the kingdom of Gauda. The Séna kings of Bengal 
ruled over these territories, and for this reason the rulers were called 
Lords of Gauda (ateqx). Even after the conquest of Bihar and 
of Laksmanavati (Varéndra) by Muhammad-i-Bakhtiar, the other terri- 
tories comprised in Gauda were ruled by the Séna kings. 
Minhaj writes :— 
‘When the latter (i.e, Muhammad-i-Bakhtiar) led his troops towards 
the mountains of Kamriad and Tirhut, he had despatched Muhammad-i- 
shéran and his brother with a portion of his forces towards Lakhanor and 
Jaj-nagar’. He states in another place —‘Ali-i-Mardan proceeded to Diw- 
kot and assumed the Government, and brought the whole of the country of 
Laksmanawatt under his sway.’ ® 
And prior to writing this, he had stated thatit was this ‘Ali-i- 
Mardan who in the year 602 Hijra, (1205 A.D.,) killed Muhammad-i- 
Bakhtyar. Some time after this he went to Ghazni accompanied by 
Sultan Kutbu-d-din Aibak. After remaining thereas prisoner for some 
time he.came back to Sultan. Kutbu-d-din Aibak in Hindistan, and the 
latter made over tohim the territory of Lakhanawati. It is evident 
from the above that the whole of Lakhanawati, comprising Radha and 
Varéndra came into the possession of ‘Ali-i-Mardan at least 4 or 5 years 
after the murder of Muhammad-i-Bakhtyar, 7, e., A.D. 1209—1210. 
Minhaj states that Muhammad Shéran had gone to conquer 
Lakhanor, 7. e., Radha and Jaj-nagar, the northern portion of Utkala; 
but up to 1209-1210 the Mussalmans did not succeed in conquering the 
whole of Lakhanawati It appears from this that Muhammad-i-Shéran 
was defeated by Vigva-ripa. After defeating the Musalmans Vicva-riupa 
assumed the name of ‘ Garga-yavandnvaya-pralaya-kala-rudra (The 
terrible destroyer of the Yavana Dynasties, who sprang from Garga), 
and as at that time a portion of Utkala was under the sway of the kings 
of Bengal, they held the titles of Agva-pati, Gaja-pati, Nara-pati 
Raja-trayadhipati, &c. 
1 Raverty’s Tabaqdat-i-Nasir7, p. 485 and 588. 
2 Raverty, Tabaqdat-i-Nagir2, p. 578. 
