148 W. Irvine—Later Mughals (1707-1803). [ No. 2. 
directions but the Qalmaqs mixed in the crowd and thus succeeded in 
escaping. After Jahandar Shah had obtained quiet possession of the 
throne, he conferred on Ra&eman the title of Rustam-i-Hind, a curious 
choice, giving as it did an opening for the scoffer to say that in India 
their only Rustam was a woman! ! 
On the third day of the fighting (8th Safar), the three princes 
advanced together to the attack, beginning it with an artillery fire. 
Zu-l-fiqar Khan took the direction of these operations. The cannon were 
posted on the mounds? formed of the débris left from. brick-burning. 
The besieged were much harassed by the fire and many leaders quitted 
their posts and tried to escape. Finding the way closed by the besiegers 
they could only return within the entrenchment. Rajah Pirthi Raj, 
Bundélah,* by repeated attacks reduced the besieged to despair. Then 
Sulaiman Khan, Panni, and Shah Nawaz Khan, with nearly 2,000 men 
of their own race, appeared on the northern wall, but there ‘Abdu-s- 
samad Khan barred their exit. In another direction, where Pirthj 
Raj was closely threatening the entrenchment, Késri Singh, brother of 
Muhkam Singh, Khatri, made a sally and engaged his opponent hand 
to hand. Pirthi Raj was nearly overwhelmed, when Rafi‘u-sh-shan 
detached to his aid Fath-ullah Khan and his Mughal horse. These men 
charged with drawn swords. ‘Azimu-sh-shan then sent out Daya Ram, 
Nagar,* to reinforce Késri Singh. While the contest was still undecided, 
Jahaudar Shah arrived in person, and a rumour spreading that ‘Azimu- 
sh-shan intended to flee, his commanders, Sulaiman Khan, Shah Nawaz 
Khan, Késri Singh and Daya Ram, withdrew their men and returned 
to seek their master. Jahandar Shah and his two brothers -proceeded 
in triumph to their previous encampment. ® 
3. Dureat AND Deatn or ‘AziMU-SH-SHAN. 
After three days of indecisive fighting Zi-l-fiqar Khan bethought 
himself of another device for weakening the enemy. On the night of 
1 Nuru-d-din, 35, 36; Kamwar Khan, 108. 
2 For those not familiar with the north of India it may be necessary to .explain 
that these mounds, thirty or forty feet high, are to be found outside every brick- 
built town. 
3 A gon of R. Cattarsal, Bundélah. 
4 Called generally Daya Bahadur, a title given him in Bahadur Shah’s 4th year 
(1710-11), when he retarned to Court from the charge of Korah (Subah Allahabad), 
where he was succeeded by his brother, Chabélah Ram (B. M. No 1690 fol. 156 a). 
These men were styled Mahtah, a word which means ‘ head’ or ‘ chief,’ and is ordinari- 
ly applied now to the richest or most important tenant in a village. The Nagars 
are a sub-division of the Brahmin caste, and are chiefly found in Gujarat. 
5 Noru-d-din, 37, 38. 
