1896. ] W. Irvine— Later Mughals (1707-1803). 159 
him at once. Others objected to fighting in the dark. No clear conclu- 
sion was arrived at. Anxious and disheartened, the prince again ascend- 
ed his elephant and waited wearily for the dawn. When day broke on 
the 20th Safar (28th March, 1712), orders were given to Jahangir Quli 
Khan and Mu‘in Khan to advance with the artillery and begin the 
action. As the sun appeared above the horizon, Fath-ullah Khan, 
Mughal, who had received large sums from the prince, deserted his post 
in the right wing and rode off to Jahandar Shah. Shamshér Khan, 
Quréshi, of Hansi Hisar, Afzal Khan, and other of his relations and 
dependents had been ordered out to reinforce him. On reaching the 
field, they found he had gone over to the other side, and greeted them 
with a volley from his swivel guns. They pulled up and took to their 
bows and their matchlocks, with which they replied for about the space 
of one hour. Shamshér Khan and some of his relations were killed, 
Afzal Khan received two arrow wounds, and his son Mirza Nakki, two 
sword cuts. # 
The prince’s choicest troops, who had been sent to the front first, 
haying deserted, the army of Jahandar Shah, under Zabardast Khan 
(grandson of ‘Ali Mardan Khan), Shakir Khan, and Hafiz ‘Ali Khan, 
advanced against the centre division under Rafi‘u-sh-shan’s personal 
command. His troops, largely composed of new levies, turned and fled. 
The few that stood fast resisted to the best of their power. Hatim 
Khan and Kazim Khan, Najm Sani,® received severe wounds, of which 
they finally died. ‘Abdu-r-rahim Khan was wounded, and Nir Khan, 
Afghan, who had been placed in charge of the women, hastened to his 
master’s aid and after a valorous defence was cut down. Antp Singh, 
Narokah, and eleven of his relations were cut to pieces in front of the 
prince’s elephant. Finally Rafi‘u-sh-shan, followed by ‘Abdu-l-latif, 
his teacher, jumped from his elephant, and rushing sword in hand upon 
the foe, met his death bravely fighting, being shot through the heart. 
His army was entirely overthrown ; tents, mules, horses, camels, goods of 
every kind were plundered. The prince’s body, accompanied by his 
three sons and the litters of his wives, was carried off to Jahandar Shah. 
For three days the latter allowed the bodies of his brothers and his 
nephew to lie exposed on the sands, and on the fourth day only gave 
orders for their interment. The three biers were despatched with that 
of Bahadur Shah to Dibli for interment. 
1 The 21st Safar in Mirza Muhammad, p. 135; Valentyn, 294, gives the 29th 
March (=21st Safar); Yahya Khan, 118 a, has the 20th but gives the year 1128 H. 
which should be 1124 4. 
% Kamwar Khan, 113; Mhd. Qasim, Lahori, 60; Yahya Khan, 118 a. 
3 i.e., a descendant of Mirza Yar Ahmad, surnamed Najm Sani, wazir of Isma‘il I, 
Safawi, King cf Persia. He died in Ramazan 918 H. (November 1512), Beale, 290. 
