276 L. A. Waddell—The Beddha’s Birth and Death. [No. 3, 
immediately be evident to anyone who takes the trouble to look into his 
reports on the subject and to compare these with the accounts of Hiuen 
Tsiang and Fa Hian, which are our chief guides on this question. Not 
only are its position, topography, and surroundings quite out of keeping 
with the recorded description, but no characteristic structural remains 
were obtained on digging. 
Now, however, we seem to have in this Nepalese pillar a guide to 
carry us to the very spot. 
This pillar of the shrine of the Buddha Konakamana lies in the 
Nepalese ¢arai near the village of Nigliva, thirty-eight miles north-west of 
Uska on the Bengal ‘and North-Western railway, in the north of the 
Gorakhpur district of the N.-W. Provinces. The ruins of the town of 
Kapilayastu ought therefore to be found within about 6 or 8 miles to the 
north-west of this pillar, (30 lc to the S.-W. and thence 50 li to the N.) 
The Lumbini garden should lie a little to the north; and about 5 miles 
(3012) to the south-west should be found the old town of ‘ Napiki’ with 
the relic-stupa of the Buddha Krakucchanda, which also has its inscribed 
Agoka-pillar. ! ake 
In this connection, I have found in the possession of a Tibetan 
Lama, a guide-book to the Buddhist shrines of India which also 
places Kapilavastu near the hills on the frontier of Nepal. This guide- 
book is in MS., Tibetan, and its author has apparently not visited India 
himself. It is compiled, he says, partly from the records of Hiuen 
Tsiang and the Indian ‘ Gau-pan,’ and partly from hearsay narratives of 
pilgrim monks. But its chief value lies in the fact that it gives the re- 
latively modern names of towns and rivers en route. It has no date, 
probably it is not more thana few centuries old. I here extract the 
paragraphs bearivg upon the sites in question :— 
“Going from that place (Banaras) not far to the north-west is 
the country of Kosala, now called: ‘Tikga’ or ‘ Ayodhya,’ situated on 
the bank of the riyer named ‘ Dhou-ha’ (? Dewa) or ‘Sarjapu.’ 
Here in this country was the great city of Cravasti, # containing the 
palace of King Prasénajit, but now traces only remain of the fort, 
which is called Koésala-puri. Inside the fort are traces of the stupa 
built over the seat of the Guide (the Buddha) when he preached here, and 
- also several other stupas founded by the faithful ones. On ‘either side 
of the eastern gate of the city, isa long stone about fifteen fathoms. % 
A little further off is a gilded brass* image of the Guide in a great 
brick building, but I have not heard clearly whether it still exists. 
To the south of the city about four or five hour’s walk there is the 
i Beal id., I., 18. $ Qear "Dom. 
aur 
2 HQHYUs’ mNan-yod. & gSer-bzay. 
