286 
wax vyathty (pr. almost with@r), 
make fat. 
RC vygd’r (pr. almost vidr), be 
slack. 
aux vygpy (pr. almest vip), 
cause to pervade. 
wax vyav'r (pr. 
scatter. 
almost, viv%r), 
1 e 
YsIX sai, make deep. 
UaaT sanz, be ready. 
; 
six sygz*r (pr. almost siz¢r), 
make straight. 
Usa syanvav. (pr. almest - 
siv“vav), tmaake. soft. 
WRX syand*r (pr. almost sind*r) 
become red. 
G. A. Grierson— On the Kagmiri Vowel-System. 
[No. 3, 
eyxl4 swats*rdu( pr. almost suts*rav 
appease. 
wrax swambr (pr. almost swmb*r) 
make level. 
SZX hat*r, make thin. 
eax hand?r, be cold. 
EUq hwekh¢r (pr. almost hukher), 
make dry. 
SyUa hwats¢ray (pr. Atuege 
huts¢rdv), cause. to become de- 
cayed. 
Sax hwab% (pr. almost hub?r), 
conquer. 
SAE hwamer (pr. almost hwmtr), 
appease. 
When the vowel a is modified by. iematra, it is pronounced nearly 
as the @ in hat. 
The 2-matra is also very lightly pronounced, both 
in the same syllable as the @, with the d, as well as in its own syl- 
lable. This has led to various methods of transcription. For instance, 
some transcribe wfa by ais, and others by as‘. The true pronunciation 
is something like ats’. I prefer to transcribe it by as‘, which follows 
the native system. The 7- Oe is shown in its proper place, and a dot 
(corresponding to the Carada ') ig placed under the. g to.show that it is 
modified. The following are examples of a modified by i-matra. 
sfa as‘, pronounced ais?, we. sift zart (zatrt), deaf (mase. pl.) 
ate kar’, pr. katz, bracelets. uf khakh' (kha'kh'), name of caste 
ufa pap’, pr. pa'p’, ripe (masc. pl.) 
efx dar’ (da*r*), strong (masc. pl.) 
wf Khari (khair), having a scald- 
head (m. pl.) 
afx tsar’ (tsatr*), many (mase. pl.) 
(mase. pl.), 
afs bad’ (ba‘d‘), great (mase. pl.), 
aif gat' (ga%t*), thin, weak (mase. ph) 
ata khat' (khatt‘), 
(mase. pl.) 
cupboards 
When a is followed by u-mdira it takes a sound which it is easy to 
describe, but which it is difficult to express in writing. I¢ is the short 
sound corresponding to the long @ in the English word home. It may be 
represented by 0, 7.¢., the short sound of 6. It has nothing to do with 
the short 6 in the English word céb, which also, occurs in Kagmiri but 
is represented differently (see pages 294 and 304). The u-mdira@ itself is 
