288 G. A. Grierson — On the Kacmiri Vowel-System. [No. 3, 
that I can ict is the full pronunciation of the final consonant, which, 
under the head of u-matra, I attempted to illustrate by doubling it. 
The pronunciation of the word ae kar’, would therefore be illustrated 
by kiirr. Wade represents the i sound by ¢, which as before explained, 
gives rise to confusion. As explained before, I transliterate the Carad& 
characters as they stand, the dot under the a, showing that it is modified 
by the following @-md@tra, and corresponding to the Carada ¢ 
The following are examples of a modified by a following #-mdatra. 
[Most words ending in @-mdatraé are feminine, and yee to the 
third declension. There are, however, some masculines, e.g., art dan™, 
(See which belong to the sass declension. | 
ae kar® (pronounced hiirr) a beam, a wat® (wiitt), rolled up. 
she was made by us. 
Sie zar® (ziirr), a deaf woman. 
qe bar® (biirr), a crack in wood. 
ae nar® (nirr), the lower part of 
the arm. 
BE ar® (irr) well, strong. 
48, bath (bitth), a hob. 
as bad® (biidd), a great woman. 
ae gur® (girr), a pitcher. 
ae tshar® (tshiirr), empty, a bas 
ket. 
we khar® (khirr), a she ass. 
qe war” (wirr), dried pease pud- 
ding. 
ze dar® (diirr), a strong woman. ve pat® (pitt), a small plank. 
se tsat® (tsiitt), she was cut. dz khat® (khiitt), concealed (fem.) 
sie zat® (ziitt) torn, tattered (fem. ) te phat® (phiitt), drowned. 
rat® (riitt), she was taken. dg yad* (ytidd), bellies. 
tz 
The following are examples of @, ahiee is pronounced as in Sans- 
krit or Hindi. 
ate kath, wood (masc.) 
aTe_ katsh, glass, pottery (masc.) 
ale kad. width (especially of a 
viver) (masc.) 
ale kad, a representative (masc. ) 
ate bad, a dancing boy (masc.) 
we cad, a pillow (masc.) 
wt< cad, centre of a shawl or 
handkerchief (fem. ) 
ats mad, working of dough (fem.) 
ata gal, shame (fem.) ata_ bag, a call to prayers (fem.) 
zrq takh, name of acaste (masc.) ete dad, a bullock (masc.) 
erq@ dakh, ashes (mase.) ate brad, a verandah (masc.) 
am paph, a sin (masc.) aig mach, honey (masc.) 
are takh, opening in a wall (masc. ) etaq dan, a cooking place (masc.) : 
ame nad, a sound (mase, ) WT pran, an onion (mase, ) 
win_ldz, a stake (masc.) ala wan, a shop (masc.) 
Sta 
dag, a club (masc.) Ue 
ran, a thigh (fem.) 
