1896.) G. A. Grierson—On the Kagmiri Vowel-System. . 303 
The pronunciation of aw is the same as in Skr. and Hindi, 
wla gauv, he went. Brg tk ee khyauv, we ate. 
ata pyauv, he fell ata myauv, mew of a cat. 
q cyauv, we drank. 
And many other past tenses. 
When the syllable ya follows a consonant, the y is as a rule fully 
pronounced, as in the following examples. Elmslie, in his dictionary, 
‘and Wade represent ya by é (short), but my pandit assures me that the 
y in the following words is quite fully pronounced. Mr. Hinton 
‘Knowles’ Musalman Munshi pronounces all these words with é& The 
difference is probably one of religion: and, as 90 per cent. of Kagmiris 
are Musalmans, it would be more generally correct to spell aid there 
‘words with & As, however, this article is written with more special 
reference to the Hindi grammar of I¢wara.Kaula, and the words are 
written in the Nagari character. I write them as follows :— 
we pydkh, thou wilt fall. a khyas, eat for him. 
w= dyad, mother. By vydth, name of the river 
Wa myas, a water-root. - Jhelum. | 
=a cyas, drink for him. _ wee khydath, having eaten. 
Sy cyath, thought. Dict ryakh, a fowl’s dung. 
qa dyakh, angry. -@Fa chydkh, thou art (fem.) 
se isyad, patience. wea khydkh, thou wilt eat. 
“~—q isyal, squeezing, shampooing. aa dyal, skin, peel. 
aa hyal, dirt used as manure. sy zyal, cream of tyre. 
wx lyad, horse-dung. wa dyak*, forehead. 
ga vyas, a woman’s confidante. 
In the following, the ya is pronounced yu, owing to the influence 
of the following u-matra. 
az lyal*, proneunced lyull, a ceneel for cocking rice. 
ag byann*, | byunn, separate. 
ay pyal, pyull, a testicle. 
ae dyal*, es dyull, a soft grass used for ee and matting 
=e tsyal, tsyull, squeezed. 
tyath", tyutth, bitter. 
hyal*, hyull, a lake weed. 
ag 
x 
Wy 
q e tshyat”, tshyutt, leavings. 
ug pyan", pyunn, to fall, or the act of falling. 
] 
ey 
khyan*, khyunn, to eat, or the act of eating. 
