304 G. A. Grierson— On the Kaemiri Vowel-System. [No. 3, 
2a zyan", pronounced zyunn, to be born, the act of being born. 
SI cyan, cyunn, to drink, the act of drinking. 
So, 
a tsytn”, tsyunn, & pillar. 
aa mytn™, myunn, measured. 
When, however, ya is followed by 7 or y in the next syllable, it is 
pronounced as a short é, (as in ebb), and as such I write it in translitera- 
tion, So also a final ya (y%) is pronounced é&. In each case a very 
faint y sound is audible before the é when the speaker speaks slowly. 
Thus, it would be more absolutely accurate to represent wfaa by 
Wélis, than by lélis, but the y may be omitted for practical purposes. 
A final 5 fia is treated as if it was ny*, and is pronounced 7é or nyé. 
The following are examples :— 
wfag lélis, a vessel for cooking rice 
(acc. sg.) (masc.) 
wfe lél', do. nom. pl. Cf. lyal” in 
the preceding list. 
ata bénni, separate (masc. pl.) 
ufea peélis, a testicle (acc. sg.) 
(masc.) 
ata pél’, do. nom. pl. 
afte dél', pl. of dyal* (dyoll) in the 
last list. 
safe tsé7', squeezed (masc.pl.) 
afte téth?, bitter (masc, pl.) 
safe hél’, lake-weeds (mase. pl.) 
gfe tshéti, leavings. 
aq pace, tablets (fem. pl.) 
Wieq pothé, books (fem. pl.) 
ay karé, they (fem.) were made 
by us. 
ag tohé, you (obl. pl.) 
So also ast byan*, pr. bényé, a sister. 
When the ya in this case commences a word, it is pronounced yee 
Thus afaa yémis, whom. 
As regards wa. 
I have already pointed out, under the head of 
wu page 294, that it is often pronounced as 6 (short). This is how- 
ever, complicated when u-matra follows, in which case wa is pronounced 
like a before u-mdatra, the sound of which I transliterate by o. 
It is 
almost identical with the vowel in the Irish pronunciation of “ gun.” 
Tf, however, the wa is followed by i-matra, the wa is pronounced d as 
usual. 
é 
v4q gon", pronounced gonn, a stack (masc.) 
l Ae 
vata gon, 
goin, stacks. 
24 dob, dobb, a washerman (masc. ) 
fa dovi, 
l s 
ek woth, 
afta woth, 
dob’, washermen, 
wotth, arisen (masc. sg.) 
woth, arisen (masce. pl.) 
