. 1896.] G. A. Grierson—A List of Kagmiri Verbs. 307 
letter of the Pastis w, of the Aorist is yau or yo, and of the Pluper- 
fect ya. 
The Past tense describes something which has happened lately, 
e.g., karu-n, he has (just) made. It is formed directly from the Past 
Participle. 
Only a small number of verbs of the second conjugation possess 
this tense. As arule, Neuter Verbs employ the Aorist to express the 
idea conveyed, in the case of verbs of the first conjugation, by the Past 
Tense. 
The following verbs (according to the Kacmira-gabdamrta) are the 
only ones of the second conjugation which have the Past proper. 
Thak, pak, samakh, hokh, tag, lag, gong, k* ts, khots, pats, rots, vyats, 
hots, gatsh (be proper), wépaz, daz, roz, phat, phut, rot, bod, wat, woth, 
tshyann, sapan, wup, grap, pray, lay, way, khar, tar, phar, phér, mar, sor, 
gal, tsal, dal, dol, phal, pholl, mél, bov, rav, dés, pos, mas, ros, as, khas, 
phas, bas, las, lds, was, byah. 
‘These verbs, which I shall in future “ Listed Verbs’ form a class 
by themselves, and, in the treatment of the final consonant follow the 
example of verbs of the first conjugation. 
Before u-matra@ (1.e., in the fem. sg., Past), and before y (7.e., in the 
fem. plur., Past, and in the Aorist and Pluperfect), in the case of verbs 
of the first conjugation, and of the abovementioned listed Neuter Verbs, 
certain final consonants of the past participle become palatalized: as 
follows :— : 
k, kh and g, become c, ch and 7, respectively. 
Thus— 
3 Mase. sg. Past. . 3: Fem.sg. Past. 3 Masc. Aorist. 
thak”, he was weary thac® thacyov 
lyukhun (/ lékh), he wrote lich*n léchyon 
dagun, he pounded daj*n dajyon 
t, th and d, become c, ch, and j respectively, but not before a-mdatra, 
only before y. 
Thus— 
phat”, he was split phat® phacyov 
math | ,/ mas| he was forgotten math® machyov 
gandun, he bound gand®n gaijyon 
t, th, d and 1 become fs, tsh, z, and 7 respectively, in both cases, 
Thus— 
katun, he spun kats*n katson 
woth, he arose wotsh® wotshov 
ladun, he built laz®n lazon 
ranun, he cooked ran™n ranon 
