MR. J. W. KIRKBY ON PERMIAN FISH AND PLANTS. 71 



specimen of Ulmannia, sp. indet., has been met with; and in the 

 soft yellow limestone, marked C in the section, about five or six 

 feet higher in the series, several obscure fragments of vegetables 

 have occurred. In the concretionary and lamino- concretionary 

 beds marked D, lying between the last-named stratum and the 

 fish-bed, several imperfect specimens of P. varians have been 

 observed, and more particularly on the uppermost surface-plane 

 on which the fish-bed rests, where, besides P. varians, there have 

 occurred specimens of Acrolepis. In the fish-bed proper have 

 been obtained the four Palceonisci, namely, P. varians, P. alius, 

 P. Abbsii, and P. angustus ? the Acrolepis, and Calamines arena- 

 ceus? and Ulmannia selaginoides. In the laminated beds overlying 

 the fish-bed, and marked E in the section, Acrolepis has occurred, 

 as it has also in the upper part of the grey stone about the horizon 

 marked P. At or about the level marked G was also found the 

 large reed-like plant. At certain horizons of the Dun Stone, 

 marked H and I in the section, examples of Acrolepis, Ulmannia, 

 and Palmoniscus varians have occurred in the order indicated in 

 the section. And, lastly, a single badly preserved, though de- 

 terminable, specimen of P. varians in the Main or Honeycomb 

 Limestone, at the point marked J — this being the highest horizon 

 at which traces of fish or any other fossils have as yet been met 

 with at Pulwell. The space between the highest and lowest 

 points of occurrence is about 54 feet ; and, according to our 

 present knowledge, that represents the vertical range of this 

 small group of species. 



To take a more comprehensive view of the position of these 

 fish-bearing strata in the Permian formation, it may be observed 

 that they are situated about 150 feet from the top of the Upper 

 Limestone. In the north of Durham this member is the highest 

 in the series ; but in Yorkshire its equivalent subdivision (Bro- 

 therton Beds and Bed Marls and Gypsum) is overlaid by some 

 marls and red sandstone of no great thickness, which some 

 geologists refer to the Permian formation. Assuming that 

 these latter deposits are thus rightly classified, the fish-bearing 

 beds will not be more than 200 feet, probably less, from the 



