144 GREEN WELL AND EMBLETON ON AN" 



continued down, through the time of the introduction of iron* 

 into Britain, until the Eoman occupation, and no doubt also dur- 

 ing that period ; for though the Roman custom of burning was 

 adopted by many Romanized Britons, others still held to the 

 ancient custom, as examinations of Roman cemeteries abundantly 

 show. During the later part of the Pre-Roman period, these 

 burials by inhumation, at all events in the North of England, 

 appear frequently to have taken place without any barrow hav- 

 ing been raised over the body ; for certainly in most instances, 

 where they have been discovered, there is no appearance of any 

 mound having ever existed above the cist which contained the 

 interred body. Ploughing may have obliterated all trace of a very 

 small barrow, but we are inclined to think that in many cases 

 the cist was sunk in the natural surface, and that no barrow was 

 ever placed above it. It is not an unfrequent thing to find several 

 cists of this kind placed near each other, too near to have had 

 each its separate barrow, and yet covering too large a space to 

 have had a mound over all small enough for every trace of it to 

 have disappeared in course of cultivation, for we have seen such 

 cists in old grass pastures where there is no sign of the plough 

 ever having been used. These burials in cists, where there is 

 no appearance of a barrow, are frequently found accompanied by 

 urns of excellent shape and manufacture, and elaborately orna- 

 mented over their whole surface — many of them, of what has 

 been called the " drinking-ciip" type, and which were very pro- 

 bably placed there to receive food or drink for the use of the 

 person whose body they accompany. Bronze daggers, of very 

 skilful make, are also commonly found with males ; whilst neck- 

 laces of jet, beautifully figured with rows of dots, forming vari- 

 ous patterns, sometimes made by minute points of gold being 

 inserted into the jet, more usually by punctured holes, are the 

 frequent adjuncts of females. 



* Iron was in common use in Britain when Cajsar landed, and it must have been there- 

 fore known for some considerable time before that date. We cannot, I think, place the 

 introduction of iron later than two centuries before our era, if indeed it does not reach to 

 an earlier period. 



