Remarks on Ursus labiatus. 201 



baboon, when affected by surprize or anger. They have five 

 toes to each foot. The fore claws are long (about three or 

 four inches) and exceedingly powerful ; the hind ones are much 

 shorter. In all four feet the points of the claws tend towards a 

 centre. The mamma? are six, two pectoral and four ventral. 

 The fore leg or arm of the bear bows much outward, so 

 that the animal appears to tread on the outer rim of the 

 sole of the paw. The hinder legs are much smaller and 

 shorter, presenting a caricatured likeness to those of a very 

 squat and corpulent man. This gives it a heavy slow gait. 

 In running it moves in a rough canter, shaking up and 

 down ; but it is surprizing with what speed it gets over bad 

 ground, regardless of tumbles down the roughest places. 

 The teeth of the bear are numbered at the heading. The 

 incisors are small, with flat crowns ; the canines are large and 

 powerful, but not trenchant behind, as in the feline species ; 

 behind them follow in the upper jaw three very small in- 

 sulated false molars with flat crowns, and behind these on 

 each side three large compact molars, of which the first 

 has a slanting surface, presenting a trenchant edge, tri- 

 angular with three tubercles ; the second molar is flat and 

 square, with four tubercles in the crown ; and the last molar 

 long and oval, with five tubercles and an obscure ridge along 

 the centre. The lower jaw has six small flattened incisors, 

 a large hooked canine on either side, followed by three 

 very small flattened and insulated false molars, a trian- 

 gular trenchant molar, and three flat oblong ones obscurely 

 indented. The marks on the bear's jaw teeth very soon 

 wear out by age. 



The skull of the bear is almost as large as that of a full 

 sized tiger. The occiput is much developed, containing a 

 large brain. The nasal orifices are very full. The zygo- 

 matic arch large, giving room for most powerful muscles, 

 and the ascending ramus of the lower jaw is likewise adapt- 

 ed for vast strength in the development of the masseter 

 and pterygoid muscles. 



