396 Europe : — a popular Physical Sketch. 



In Enontekis* the mean temperature of the year is 2.2° 

 lower than the mean temperature of the coldest month in 

 Copenhagen, the winter temperature is 29.2° below that of 

 Copenhagen, and yet the summer temperature is only 9° 

 below that of Copenhagen. Sixty-eight years' observations 

 show the greatest heat in Stockholm to be 95°. In 

 Umea and Enontekis quicksilver occasionally freezes, which 

 requires a temperature of 70° to 72° below the freezing 

 point of water. 



The annual quantity qfrain\ is in Stockholm and Westeras 

 19 Paris inches, but in Bergen 77| inches.^ 



Although the results of those single places cannot be con- 

 sidered conclusive as to the whole of the eastern and wes- 

 tern side of the mountain chain, yet connected with general 

 experience, they induce us to believe that the quantity of 

 rain is much greater on the western side of the Scandinavian 

 peninsula than on the eastern. The exhalations rising 

 from the sea, and the causes by which currents of air 

 loaded with vapours are carried against steep rocks, and thus 

 converted into rain, account chiefly for the damp climate 

 and foggy atmosphere of the western side. Thus also the 

 influence of the sea renders the heat more equal, and causes 

 the summer to be less warm, and the winter less cold, be- 

 cause the sea is never frozen during the winter, and the 

 moisture of the sea-air diminishes the heat of the summer. 



* Enontekis is situated 1,440 feet above the sea, and has consequently 

 a lower mean temperature than if situated on the sea level. 



t The annual quantity of rain is found by collecting the rain in a gra- 

 duated vessel, measuring the quantity of water whenever it rains, and 

 by adding together the results. When the annual quantity of rain in 

 Stockholm is said to be 19 inches, it means, if the rain of the whole year 

 round was allowed to remain on the earth, the surface would at the 

 close of the year be covered with a sheet of water 19 inches in depth. 

 Snow comes in, of course, under the calculation of rain, 



% The register of the Pluviometer, or rain guage, stands throughout 

 in Paris inches, as in the original. — Ed. 



